【題目】AlphaGo is a computer program that plays the board game Go.

In March, 2016, the pride of humankind was crushed (粉碎) by a computer. Google’s AlphaGo defeated the South Korean grandmaster (圍棋大師) Lee Sedol four games to one, as the world looked on with shock and awe (敬畏). Artificial intelligence (AI, 人工智能) had suddenly reached a new and unexpected height.

But as smart as AlphaGo is, it’s no longer the best Go “player” in the world. Google’s artificial intelligence group, DeepMind, has created the next generation of its Go-playing program, called AlphaGo Zero. The new AI program is unique in the way it learned to play Go. Instead of learning from thousands of human matches, as its predecessor (前任) did, AlphaGo Zero mastered Go in just two days without any human knowledge of the game and defeated AlphaGo by day three, reported The Guardian. It then went on to defeat AlphaGo 100 games to zero.

To learn how to play Go, AlphaGo Zero played millions of matches against itself using only the basic rules of the game to rapidly create its own knowledge of it. Like the previous version, it used “reinforcement (增強(qiáng)) learning to become its own teacher,” according to DeepMind’s website.

“It’s more powerful than previous approaches,” David Silver, AlphaGo’s lead researcher, told The Guardian, “because by not using human data, or human expertise in any fashion, we’ve removed the constraints (約束) of human knowledge and it is able to create knowledge itself.”

AlphaGo Zero’s approach to self-learning is a significant advancement in AI that could be applied to help solve some of the world’s biggest problems, according to a recent research report published in the journal Nature. For example, DeepMind co-founder Demis Hassabis argues that AlphaGo Zero could probably find cures for a number of serious diseases within weeks, according to The Telegraph. Indeed, the AI is now being used to study protein folding, which is connected to diseases such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s.

So now that AI has exceeded (超過) the bounds of human knowledge, perhaps the question is not about what AI can learn from humans, but what humans can learn from AI. We can only wait and see.

1What can we learn from the first three paragraphs?

A. AlphaGo defeated Lee Sedol five games to zero.

B. AlphaGo Zero defeated AlphaGo within one day.

C. AlphaGo Zero is the first program to defeat a human at Go.

D. AlphaGo Zero has become the new best Go player.

2How is AlphaGo Zero different from previous Go-playing programs?

A. It can collect human knowledge automatically.

B. It can create knowledge without human limits.

C. It can become its own teacher in learning Go skills.

D. It can play many matches without a break.

3What’s the possible application of AI in the future according to the article?

A. Treating diseases. B. Making new Go rules.

C. Solving math problems. D. Creating new proteins.

4What is the author’s attitude towards AI?

A. Mixed. B. Hopeful. C. Doubtful. D. Worried.

【答案】

1D

2B

3A

4B

【解析】文章介紹了人工智能的發(fā)展,對(duì)其未來(lái)進(jìn)行了展望。

1D推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段內(nèi)容可知,AlphaGo Zero已經(jīng)成為了新的最佳圍棋選手,它以100:0戰(zhàn)勝了AlphaGo。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)。故選D。

2B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段because by not using human data, or human expertise in any fashion, we’ve removed the constraints (約束) of human knowledge and it is able to create knowledge itself. 可知,它可以不受人類知識(shí)的限制創(chuàng)造知識(shí)。結(jié)合選項(xiàng),故選B。

3A推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第六段For example, DeepMind co-founder Demis Hassabis argues that AlphaGo Zero could probably find cures for a number of serious diseases within weeks, according to The Telegraph. Indeed, the AI is now being used to study protein folding, which is connected to diseases such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s.(例如,據(jù)《每日電訊報(bào)》報(bào)道,DeepMind的聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人杰米斯哈薩比斯認(rèn)為,AlphaGo在幾周內(nèi)就能找到治療多種嚴(yán)重疾病的方法。事實(shí)上,人工智能現(xiàn)在正被用于研究蛋白質(zhì)折疊,它與帕金森癥和阿爾茨海默癥等疾病有關(guān)。)可知,未來(lái)人工智能會(huì)被用于醫(yī)學(xué)治療,結(jié)合選項(xiàng),故選A。

4B觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章最后So now that AI has exceeded (超過) the bounds of human knowledge, perhaps the question is not about what AI can learn from humans, but what humans can learn from AI. We can only wait and see.(現(xiàn)在人工智能已經(jīng)超過人類知識(shí)的界限也許問題不是什么AI可以學(xué)習(xí)人類,但人類可以從人工智能學(xué)習(xí)。我們只能等著瞧。)可知,我們對(duì)于人工智能的未來(lái)是充滿希望的。結(jié)合選項(xiàng),故選B。

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