如圖所示,水平絕緣光滑軌道AB的B端與處于豎直平面內(nèi)的四分之一圓弧形粗糙絕緣軌道BC平滑連接,圓弧的半徑R=0.40m.在軌道所在空間存在水平向右的勻強(qiáng)電場,電場強(qiáng)度E=1.0×104  N/C.現(xiàn)有一質(zhì)量m=0.10kg的帶電體(可視為質(zhì)點(diǎn))放在水平軌道上與B端距離s=1.0m的位置,由于受到電場力的作用帶電體由靜止開始運(yùn)動,當(dāng)運(yùn)動到圓弧形軌道的C端時,速度恰好為零.已知帶電體所帶電荷q=8.0×105C,取g=10m/s2,求:                                

(1)帶電體在水平軌道上運(yùn)動的加速度大小及運(yùn)動到B端時的速度大。                                       

(2)帶電體運(yùn)動到圓弧形軌道的B端時對圓弧軌道的壓力大。                                              

(3)帶電體沿圓弧形軌道運(yùn)動過程中,電場力和摩擦力對帶電體所做的功各是多少.                                           

                                                                                           

                                                                                                                                        


(1)設(shè)帶電體在水平軌道上運(yùn)動的加速度大小為a,

根據(jù)牛頓第二定律:qE=ma

解得:a==m/s2=8m/s2

設(shè)帶電體運(yùn)動到B端時的速度為vB,則:=2as

解得:vB==4m/s

(2)設(shè)帶電體運(yùn)動到圓軌道B端時受軌道的支持力為FN,根據(jù)牛頓第二定律:

FN﹣mg=m

解得:FN=mg+m=5N

根據(jù)牛頓第三定律可知,帶電體對圓弧軌道B端的壓力大小FN′=FN=5N

(3)設(shè)帶電體沿圓弧軌道運(yùn)動過程中摩擦力所做的功為W,根據(jù)動能定理:

W+W﹣mgR=0﹣

因電場力做功與路徑無關(guān),所以帶電體沿圓弧形軌道運(yùn)動過程中,電場力所做的功:

W=qER=0.32J

聯(lián)立解得:W=﹣0.72J

答:( 1 )帶電體在水平軌道上運(yùn)動的加速度大小8m/s2及運(yùn)動到B端時的速度大小4m/s;

( 2 )帶電體運(yùn)動到圓弧形軌道的B端時對圓弧軌道的壓力大小5N;

( 3 )帶電體沿圓弧形軌道從B端運(yùn)動到C端的過程中,電場力做功為0.32J,摩擦力做的﹣0.72J功.


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