在如圖所示的電路中,已知電源電動(dòng)勢(shì)E=3V,內(nèi)電阻r=1Ω,電阻R1=2Ω,滑動(dòng)變阻器R的阻值可連續(xù)增大,問(wèn):                                                                                                                               

(1)當(dāng)R多大時(shí),R消耗的功率最大?最大功率為多少?當(dāng)R消耗功率最大時(shí)電源的效率是多少?        

(2)當(dāng)R多大時(shí),R1消耗的功率最大?最大功率為多少?                                       

(3)當(dāng)R為多大時(shí),電源的輸出功率最大?最大為多少?                                        

                                                                                                         

                                                                                                                                 


(1)把R1視為內(nèi)電路的一部分,則當(dāng)R=R1+r=3Ω時(shí),R消耗的功率最大,其最大值為:

  Pmax=I2R=R==W=0.75W

電源的效率為 η====83.3%

(2)對(duì)固定電阻R1,當(dāng)電路的電流最大時(shí)其消耗的功率最大,此時(shí)R=0,所以

  P1=I2R1=R1=2W

(3)R=0時(shí)電源的輸出功率最大,最大值為

   P=I2R1=R1=2W

答:(1)當(dāng)R是3Ω時(shí),R消耗的功率最大,最大功率為0.75W,當(dāng)R消耗功率最大時(shí)電源的效率是83.3%.

(2)當(dāng)R為0時(shí),R1消耗的功率最大,最大功率為2W.

(3)當(dāng)R為0時(shí),電源的輸出功率最大,最大為2W.


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