如圖,在平面直角坐標(biāo)系xoy中,拋物線(xiàn)y=x 2-x-10與x軸的交點(diǎn)為A,與y軸的交點(diǎn)為點(diǎn)B,過(guò)點(diǎn)B作x軸的平行線(xiàn)BC,交拋物線(xiàn)于點(diǎn)C,連結(jié)AC.現(xiàn)有兩動(dòng)點(diǎn)P,Q分別從O,C兩點(diǎn)同時(shí)出發(fā),點(diǎn)P以每秒4個(gè)單位的速度沿OA向終點(diǎn)A移動(dòng),點(diǎn)Q以每秒1個(gè)單位的速度沿CB向點(diǎn)B移動(dòng),點(diǎn)P停止運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí),點(diǎn)Q也同時(shí)停止運(yùn)動(dòng).線(xiàn)段OC,PQ相交于點(diǎn)D,過(guò)點(diǎn)D作DE∥OA,交CA于點(diǎn)E,射線(xiàn)QE交x軸于點(diǎn)F.設(shè)動(dòng)點(diǎn)P,Q移動(dòng)的時(shí)間為t(單位:秒)
(1)求A,B,C三點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)和拋物線(xiàn)的頂點(diǎn)坐標(biāo);
(2)當(dāng)t為何值時(shí),四邊形PQCA為平行四邊形?請(qǐng)寫(xiě)出計(jì)算過(guò)程;
(3)當(dāng)t∈(0,)時(shí),△PQF的面積是否總為定值?若是,求出此定值;若不是,請(qǐng)說(shuō)明理由;
(4)當(dāng)t為何值時(shí),△PQF為等腰三角形?請(qǐng)寫(xiě)出解答過(guò)程.
(1)在y=x 2-x-10中,令y=0,得x 2-8x-180=0.
解得x=-10或x=18,∴A(18,0).········································ 1分
在y=x 2-x-10中,令x=0,得y=-10.
∴B(0,-10).·························· 2分
∵BC∥x軸,∴點(diǎn)C的縱坐標(biāo)為-10.
由-10=x 2-x-10得x=0或x=8.
∴C(8,-10).························· 3分
∵y=x 2-x-10=(x-4)2-
∴拋物線(xiàn)的頂點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)為(4,-).············································· 4分
(2)若四邊形PQCA為平行四邊形,由于QC∥PA,故只要QC=PA即可.
∵QC=t,PA=18-4t,∴t=18-4t.
解得t=.······································································· 6分
(3)設(shè)點(diǎn)P運(yùn)動(dòng)了t秒,則OP=4t,QC=t,且0<t<4.5,說(shuō)明點(diǎn)P在線(xiàn)段OA上,且不與點(diǎn)O,A重合.
∵QC∥OP, ∴====.
同理QC∥AF,∴===,即=.
∴AF=4t=OP.
∴PF=PA+AF=PA+OP=18.················································ 8分
∴S△PQF =PF·OB=×18×10=90
∴△PQF的面積總為定值90.·················································· 9分
(4)設(shè)點(diǎn)P運(yùn)動(dòng)了t秒,則P(4t,0),F(18+4t,0),Q(8-t,-10) t∈(0,4.5).
∴PQ 2=(4t-8+t)2+10 2=(5t-8)2+100
FQ 2=(18+4t-8+t)2+10 2=(5t+10)2+100.
①若FP=FQ,則18 2=(5t+10)2+100.
即25(t+2)2=224,(t+2)2=.
∵0≤t≤4.5,∴2≤t+2≤6.5,∴t+2==.
∴t=-2.································································· 11分
②若QP=QF,則(5t-8)2+100=(5t+10)2+100.
即(5t-8)2=(5t+10)2,無(wú)0≤t≤4.5的t滿(mǎn)足.························· 12分
③若PQ=PF,則(5t-8)2+100=18 2.
即(5t-8)2=224,由于≈15,又0≤5t≤22.5,
∴-8≤5t-8≤14.5,而14.5 2=()2=<224.
故無(wú)0≤t≤4.5的t滿(mǎn)足此方程.············································· 13分
注:也可解出t=<0或t=>4.5均不合題意,
故無(wú)0≤t≤4.5的t滿(mǎn)足此方程.
綜上所述,當(dāng)t=-2時(shí),△PQF為等腰三角形.··················· 14分
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