(平)已知數(shù)列{an}中,a1=1,an+1an-1=anan-1+an2(n∈N+,n≥2),且
an+1
an
=kn+1

(1)求實數(shù)k的值;
(2)設(shè)g(x)=
anxn-1
(n-1)!
,f(x)是數(shù)列{g(x)}的前n項和,求f(x)的解析式;
(3)求證:不等式f(2)<
3
n
g(3)
對n∈N+恒成立.
分析:(1)由題設(shè)知
an+1
an
=
a n
an-1
+1
=
a2
a1
+n-1
,由
a2
a1
=k+1
,知
an+1
an
=n+k=kn+1
,由此能求出k.
(2)由
an
an-1
=n-1+1=n
,知an=n•an-1=n(n-1)•an-2=…=n!,由g(x)=
anxn-1
(n-1)!
=
n!•xn-1
(n-1)!
=n•xn-1,能求出f(x)的解析式.
(3)由f(2)=n(1+2n-1),知
3
n
g(3)=
3
n
n•3n-1=3n
,故不等式f(2)<
3
n
g(3)
對n∈N+恒成立等價于n(1+2n-1)<3n對n∈N+恒成立.用數(shù)學(xué)歸納法能夠證明之.
解答:解:(1)∵數(shù)列{an}中,a1=1,an+1an-1=anan-1+an2(n∈N+,n≥2),
an+1
an
=kn+1
,
an+1
an
=
a n
an-1
+1
=
an-1
an-2
+1+1
=…=
a2
a1
+n-1

a2
a1
=k+1
,
an+1
an
=n+k=kn+1

∴(n-1)k=n-1,
∴k=1.
(2)∵
an+1
an
=kn+1
,k=1,
an
an-1
=n-1+1=n
,
∴an=n•an-1=n(n-1)•an-2=…=n!,
g(x)=
anxn-1
(n-1)!
=
n!•xn-1
(n-1)!
=n•xn-1,
∴g(1)=n,g (2)=n• 2n-1,g(3)=n•3n-1,…,g(n)=n•nn-1,
∵f(x)是數(shù)列{g(x)}的前n項和,
∴f(x)=g(1)+g(2)+g(3)+…+g(n)
=n+n•2n-1+n•3n-1+…+n•nn-1
=n(1+2n-1+3n-1+…+nn-1).
證明:(3)∵f(2)=n(1+2n-1),
3
n
g(3)=
3
n
n•3n-1=3n

∴不等式f(2)<
3
n
g(3)
對n∈N+恒成立等價于n(1+2n-1)<3n對n∈N+恒成立.
用數(shù)學(xué)歸納法證明:
①當(dāng)n=1時,1×(1+1)=2<3,成立;
②假設(shè)當(dāng)n=k時成立,即k(1+2k-1)<3k成立,
則當(dāng)n=k+1時,(k+1)(1+2k)=2k+1+2k•2k-1+2•2k-1+1-k
=2k•3k+k•2k+1-k
<3k•3k+1-k
<3k+1,成立.
由①②知n(1+2n-1)<3n對n∈N+恒成立.
∴不等式f(2)<
3
n
g(3)
對n∈N+恒成立.
點(diǎn)評:本題考查數(shù)列與不等式的綜合應(yīng)用,考查運(yùn)算求解能力,推理論證能力;考查化歸與轉(zhuǎn)化思想.綜合性強(qiáng),難度大,有一定的探索性,對數(shù)學(xué)思維能力要求較高,是高考的重點(diǎn).解題時要認(rèn)真審題,仔細(xì)解答.
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