【答案】
分析:(I)把a(bǔ)等于1代入到f(x)中求出f′(x),令f′(x)大于0求出x的范圍即為函數(shù)的增區(qū)間,令f′(x)小于0求出x的范圍即為函數(shù)的減區(qū)間;
(II)f(x)小于0時(shí)不可能恒成立,所以要使函數(shù)在(0,
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)上無零點(diǎn),只需要對(duì)x屬于(0,
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)時(shí)f(x)大于0恒成立,列出不等式解出a大于一個(gè)函數(shù),利用導(dǎo)數(shù)得到函數(shù)的單調(diào)性,根據(jù)函數(shù)的增減性得到這個(gè)函數(shù)的最大值即可得到a的最小值;
(III)求出g′(x),根據(jù)導(dǎo)函數(shù)的正負(fù)得到函數(shù)的單調(diào)區(qū)間,即可求出g(x)的值域,而當(dāng)a等于2時(shí)不合題意,當(dāng)a不等于2
時(shí),求出f′(x)=0時(shí)x的值,根據(jù)x屬于(0,e]列出關(guān)于a的不等式得到①,并根據(jù)此時(shí)的x的值討論導(dǎo)函數(shù)的正負(fù)得到函數(shù)f(x)的單調(diào)區(qū)間,根據(jù)單調(diào)區(qū)間得到②和③,令②中不等式的坐標(biāo)為一個(gè)函數(shù),求出此函數(shù)的導(dǎo)函數(shù),討論導(dǎo)函數(shù)的正負(fù)得到函數(shù)的單調(diào)區(qū)間,根據(jù)函數(shù)的增減性得到此函數(shù)的最大值,即可解出②恒成立和解出③得到④,聯(lián)立①和④即可解出滿足題意a的取值范圍.
解答:解:(I)當(dāng)a=1時(shí),f(x)=x-1-2lnx,則f'(x)=1-
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,
由f'(x)>0,得x>2;由f'(x)<0,得0<x<2.
故f(x)的單調(diào)減區(qū)間為(0,2],單調(diào)增區(qū)間為[2,+∞);
(II)因?yàn)閒(x)<0在區(qū)間
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上恒成立不可能,
故要使函數(shù)
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上無零點(diǎn),
只要對(duì)任意的
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,f(x)>0恒成立,即對(duì)
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恒成立.
令
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,則
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,
再令
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,
則
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,故m(x)在
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上為減函數(shù),于是
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,
從而,l(x)>0,于是l(x)在
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上為增函數(shù),所以
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,
故要使
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恒成立,只要a∈[2-4ln2,+∞),
綜上,若函數(shù)f(x)在
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上無零點(diǎn),則a的最小值為2-4ln2;
(III)g'(x)=e
1-x-xe
1-x=(1-x)e
1-x,
當(dāng)x∈(0,1)時(shí),g'(x)>0,函數(shù)g(x)單調(diào)遞增;
當(dāng)x∈(1,e]時(shí),g'(x)<0,函數(shù)g(x)單調(diào)遞減.
又因?yàn)間(0)=0,g(1)=1,g(e)=e•e
1-e>0,
所以,函數(shù)g(x)在(0,e]上的值域?yàn)椋?,1].
當(dāng)a=2時(shí),不合題意;當(dāng)a≠2時(shí),f'(x)=
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,x∈(0,e]
當(dāng)x=
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時(shí),f'(x)=0.
由題意得,f(x)在(0,e]上不單調(diào),故
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,即
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①
此時(shí),當(dāng)x變化時(shí),f'(x),f(x)的變化情況如下:
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又因?yàn)�,�?dāng)x→0時(shí),f(x)→+∞,
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,
所以,對(duì)任意給定的x
∈(0,e],在(0,e]上總存在兩個(gè)不同的x
i(i=1,2),
使得f(x
i)=g(x
)成立,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)a滿足下列條件:
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即
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令h(a)=
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,
則h
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,令h'(a)=0,得a=0或a=2,
故當(dāng)a∈(-∞,0)時(shí),h'(a)>0,函數(shù)h(a)單調(diào)遞增;
當(dāng)
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時(shí),h'(a)<0,函數(shù)h(a)單調(diào)遞減.
所以,對(duì)任意
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,有h(a)≤h(0)=0,
即②對(duì)任意
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恒成立.
由③式解得:
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.④
綜合①④可知,當(dāng)
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時(shí),對(duì)任意給定的x
∈(0,e],
在(0,e]上總存在兩個(gè)不同的x
i(i=1,2),
使f(x
i)=g(x
)成立.
點(diǎn)評(píng):此題考查學(xué)生會(huì)利用導(dǎo)函數(shù)的正負(fù)確定函數(shù)的單調(diào)性,會(huì)根據(jù)函數(shù)的增減性求出閉區(qū)間上函數(shù)的最值,掌握不等式恒成立時(shí)所滿足的條件,是一道壓軸題.