【答案】
分析:(1)由題意可得f′(x)>0,函數(shù)f(x)在(0,+∞)上是增函數(shù).求得f
n(1)>0,f
n(
)<0,再根據(jù)函數(shù)的零點(diǎn)的判定定理,可得要證的結(jié)論成立.
(2)由題意可得f
n+1(x
n)>f
n(x
n)=f
n+1(x
n+1)=0,由 f
n+1(x) 在(0,+∞)上單調(diào)遞增,可得 x
n+1<x
n,故x
n-x
n+p>0.用 f
n(x)的解析式減去f
n+p (x
n+p)的
解析式,變形可得x
n-x
n+p=
+
,再進(jìn)行放大,并裂項(xiàng)求和,可得它小于
,綜上可得要證的結(jié)論成立.
解答:證明:(1)對(duì)每個(gè)n∈N
+,當(dāng)x>0時(shí),由函數(shù)f
n(x)=-1+x+
),可得
f′(x)=1+
+
+…
>0,故函數(shù)f(x)在(0,+∞)上是增函數(shù).
由于f
1(x
1)=0,當(dāng)n≥2時(shí),f
n(1)=
+
+…+
>0,即f
n(1)>0.
又f
n(
)=-1+
+[
+
+
+…+
]≤-
+
•
=-
+
×
=-
•
<0,
根據(jù)函數(shù)的零點(diǎn)的判定定理,可得存在唯一的x
n,滿足f
n(x
n)=0.
(2)對(duì)于任意p∈N
+,由(1)中x
n構(gòu)成數(shù)列{x
n},當(dāng)x>0時(shí),∵f
n+1(x)=f
n(x)+
>f
n(x),
∴f
n+1(x
n)>f
n(x
n)=f
n+1(x
n+1)=0.
由 f
n+1(x) 在(0,+∞)上單調(diào)遞增,可得 x
n+1<x
n,即 x
n-x
n+1>0,故數(shù)列{x
n}為減數(shù)列,即對(duì)任意的 n、p∈N
+,x
n-x
n+p>0.
由于 f
n(x)=-1+x
n+
+
+…+
=0 ①,
f
n+p (x
n+p)=-1+x
n+p+
+
+…+
+[
+
+…+
]②,
用①減去②并移項(xiàng),利用 0<x
n+p≤1,可得
x
n-x
n+p=
+
≤
≤
<
=
<
.
綜上可得,對(duì)于任意p∈N
+,由(1)中x
n構(gòu)成數(shù)列{x
n}滿足0<x
n-x
n+p<
.
點(diǎn)評(píng):本題主要考查函數(shù)的導(dǎo)數(shù)及應(yīng)用,函數(shù)的零點(diǎn)的判定,等比數(shù)列求和以及用放縮法證明不等式,還考查推理以及運(yùn)算求解能力,屬于難題.