分析:(1)一摩爾物質(zhì)中含有6.02×10
23個(gè)微粒,一個(gè)水分子中有10個(gè)電子;
(2)依據(jù)n×M=m來計(jì)算摩爾質(zhì)量分析判斷;
(3)用CuSO
4配制50mL0.2mol?L
-1CuSO
4溶液,需要CuSO
4質(zhì)量為:0.05×0.2mol/L×160g/mol=1.6g;用CuSO
4?5H
2O配制50mL0.2mol?L
-1CuSO
4溶液,需要CuSO
4?5H
2O質(zhì)量為:0.05×0.2mol/L×250g/mol=2.5g;
(4)根據(jù)n=
=
=
計(jì)算;
(5)根據(jù)同溫同壓下,體積比為等于物質(zhì)的量之比,然后求出摩爾質(zhì)量之比,根據(jù)氧氣的摩爾質(zhì)量,然后求出A的摩爾質(zhì)量和相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量;
(6)根據(jù)鐵離子的質(zhì)量計(jì)算鐵離子的物質(zhì)的量,進(jìn)而根據(jù)化學(xué)式計(jì)算硫酸根離子的物質(zhì)的量,根據(jù)溶液的體積計(jì)算SO
42-濃度;
(7)①根據(jù)c=
計(jì)算濃硫酸的物質(zhì)的量濃度;
②根據(jù)溶液稀釋前后溶質(zhì)的物質(zhì)的量不變計(jì)算.
解答:解:(1)H
2O的摩爾質(zhì)量為18g/mol,故0.5mol H
2O的質(zhì)量為0.5mol×19g/mol=9g;共有分子數(shù):0.5mol×N
Amol
-1=0.5N
A;一個(gè)水分子中有10個(gè)電子,電子數(shù):0.5mol×10×N
Amol
-1=5N
A,
故答案為:9;0.5N
A或3.01×10
23;5N
A或3.01×10
24;
(2)依據(jù)n×M=m定量關(guān)系計(jì)算得到摩爾質(zhì)量:M=
=
=108g/mol,故答案為:108g/mol;
(3)用CuSO
4配制50mL0.2mol?L
-1CuSO
4溶液,需要CuSO
4質(zhì)量為:0.05×0.2mol/L×160g/mol=1.6g;用CuSO
4?5H
2O配制50mL0.2mol?L
-1CuSO
4溶液,需要CuSO
4?5H
2O質(zhì)量為:0.05×0.2mol/L×250g/mol=2.5g,故答案為:1.6;2.5;
(4)已知:M(HCl)=36.5g/mol,M(NH
3)=17g/mol,M(CO
2)=44g/mol,M(O
2)=32g/mol,
由n=
=
=
可知,相同質(zhì)量時(shí),摩爾質(zhì)量越大,氣體的物質(zhì)的量越小,體積越小,則含有分子數(shù)目最少的是CO
2,在相同溫度和相同壓強(qiáng)條件下,體積最大的是NH
3,故答案為:CO
2;NH
3;
(5)因同溫同壓下,體積比為等于物質(zhì)的量之比,所以氣體A與氧氣的摩爾質(zhì)量之比=
:
=2:1,氧氣的摩爾質(zhì)量為32g/mol,所以氣體A的摩爾質(zhì)量為64g/mol,相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量64,故答案為:64;
(6)Fe
3+的物質(zhì)的量為
=
mol,
根據(jù)Fe
2(SO
4)
3的化學(xué)式可知:n(SO
42-)=
n(Fe
3+)=
×
mol=
mol,
則溶液中SO
42-的物質(zhì)的量濃度為c=
=
mol/L,故答案為:
;
(7):①c=
=
=18.4 mol/L,
②溶液稀釋前后溶質(zhì)的物質(zhì)的量不變,設(shè)需濃硫酸的體積為V,
則有:0.2L×1mol/L=V×18.4mol/L,
V=
=0.0109L,即10.9ml,故答案為:18.4mol/L;10.9;