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　　The Chinese New Year is known as the Spring Festival because it starts from the beginning of spring．Though there are some sayings about its origin(起源), all agree that the word Nian, which in modern Chinese means“year”, was originally the name of a beast(野獸)that started to eat people the night before the beginning of a new year．

　　One story goes that the beast Nian had a very big mouth that would take in a great many people at one time．People were very afraid．One day, an old man came to their help and said he would stop all this．To Nian he said,“I hear that you are very strong, but can you eat up all the beasts on earth instead of people who are too weak to be your enemy?”“Yes,”Nian agreed with him and went to kill many of the beasts on earth．People were very happy because those beasts also did bad things to people and killed their farm animals from time to time．

　　After that, the old man, who was a god, rode on the beast Nian and left．Nian was gone, and other beasts also went into forests; people began to enjoy their happy life．Before the old man left．he had told people to put up red paper-cuts on their windows and doors at each year's end to drive Nian away, because red is the colour the beasts felt most afraid of．

　　From then on, every year at the beginning of spring, people“Guo Nian”．The word“Guo Nian”means“Go through the Nian safely”．Putting up red paper-cuts to drive Nian away and making dumplings for a better new year are still an every-year doing by the Chinese people．However, people today have long forgotten why they are doing all this, they just feel the colour and the food make the New Year very．enjoyable．

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　　Once upon a time there was a wise man that used to go to the ocean to do his writing．He had a habit of walking on the beach before he began his work．

　　One day he was walking along the shore．As he looked down the beach, he saw a human figure moving like a dancer．He smiled to himself at the thought that someone would dance on the beach．So he began to walk faster to catch up．

　　As he got closer, he saw that it was a young man and the young man wasn't dancing, but instead he was reaching down to the shore, picking up something and very gently throwing it into the ocean．

　　As he got closer, he called out,“Good morning! What are you doing?”

　　The young man paused, looked up and replied,“Throwing starfish in the ocean．”

　　“I guess I should have asked, why are you throwing starfish in the ocean?”

　　“The sun is up and the tide is going out．And if I don't throw them in, they'll die．”

　　“But, young man, don't you realize that there are miles and miles of beach and starfish all along it．You can't possibly make a difference!”

　　The young man listened politely．Then he bent down, picked another starfish and threw it into the sea, past the breaking waves and said,“It made a difference for that one．”

　　There is something very special in each and every one of us．We have all been gifted with the ability to make a difference．And if we can know that gift, we will gain through the strength of our visions the power to shape the future．

　　We must each find our starfish．And if we throw our starfish wisely and well, the world will be better．

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　　Children are amazing language learners! They are able to pick up new languages quickly and easily, without any accent(口音)．Adults, on the other hand, have to study hard to learn another language, and then they usually never lose their native accents．Why? What makes children different?

　　One explanation(解釋)has to do with the muscles(肌肉)that control the movement in our mouths．In our mouths, there are hundreds of muscles that control the movements of our tongue, lips, cheeks, and so on．In children, their muscles are still flexible(靈活的), so it is easier for them to move their mouths into new positions(位置)to make new sounds．In adults, the muscles are less flexible, so it's more difficult for them to make sounds that aren't in their native language．

　　Another explanation has to do with our brains．There are two sides to our brains－the left side and the right side．In adults, each side of our brain helps us to do different things．For example, the left side of our brain helps us to think through problems step by step, while the right side helps us to remember things we see, hear, and feel．In children, however, the brain isn't yet divided(在兩者劃分界線)into a left and right side．Some researchers believe that this helps children to be more flexible language learners．In other words, their brains are more open to differences in a new language．

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　　Water can be a liquid, a solid or a gas．When it is a solid, it may be as hard as rock．When it is a liquid, you can pour it out of a bottle．When it is a gas, you cannot see or pr feel it．

　　Water can change from one form to another easily．When we freeze water, it turns into ice．When we boil water, it turns into steam．When ice melts, it turns into water．When steam cools, it turns into water．The three forms of water are ice, steam and water．

　　Where does water come from? Water rises to the sky by the heat．Water vapour is formed．This rises and forms clouds in the air．When the clouds come near a mountain, they are forced to rise．As the clouds rise, they are cooled．The higher they rise, the more they are cooled．This causes more and more water vapour to condense(凝結(jié))．In this way, the tiny drops of water in the clouds get bigger and bigger until they are heavy enough to fall to the earth as rain．

　　Some rain water which falls on the earth again rises to the sky by the sun's heat．Some of it sinks into the ground．It may be used up by thirsty plants．It may reach a well．Most of the water goes back to the rivers, seas and oceans．This process then starts all over again．This process is called the water cycle．

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　　Take a rapid look at someone, then look away．Do you realize you have made a statement? Hold the glance for a second longer, and you have made a different statement．Hold it for three seconds, and the meaning has changed again．For every social situation, there is an allowed time that you can hold a person's look without being close, rude or dangerous．If you are on a lift, what stare time are you permitted? To answer this question, consider what you specially do．You very likely give other passengers a quick look to judge of them and to let them believe that you mean no harm．Since being close to another person suggests the possibility of communication, you need to give a signal telling others you want to be left alone．So you cut off eye contact(接觸), what Dr．Erving Goffman(1963)calls“a dimming of the lights”．You look down at the floor, at the lift door, or anywhere but into another passenger's eyes．If you break the rule against staring at a stranger on a lift, you'll make the other person gradually uncomfortable, and you are likely to feel a bit strange yourself．

　　If you hold eye contact for more than 3 seconds, what are you telling another person? Much depends on the person and the situation．For instance, a man and a woman communicate interest in this matter．They may look at each other for about 3 seconds at a time, then drop their eyes down for 3 seconds, before letting their eyes meet again．But if one man gives another man a 3-second-plus stare, he signals,“I know you”,“I am interested in you”,or“You look strange and I am curious about you”．This type of stare often produces unfriendly feelings．

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　　News 1：A gas explosion(瓦斯爆炸)happened on October 20 in a coal mine(煤礦)in Daping, Henan．It has killed 129 people so far．Another 19 are still missing．More than 400 workers were at the mine at the time．Only 298 ran out．

　　News 2：Scientists have found some caves(洞穴)in the north part of the Mogat Grottoes(莫高窟)of Dunhuang in Gansu．Now the north part has 248 caves in all．Altogether there are 735 Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes．People began to make Mogao Grottoes from 366 AD．Pictures in the caves show what people's lives were like in the past．

　　New 3：Are girls cleverer than boys? Maybe．In a new study, scientists found that female chimps used sticks two years earlier than male chimps in Africa．Female chimps watched their mums look for food．The males climbed trees．The same thing also happens in the world of people．Girls learn to write and draw before boys, while boys learn to play with balls before girls．

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　　One bright sunny day our class went out to the schoolyard．Miss Brooks told us to look for something on the ground that belonged to us．We looked and looked．Finally Mike cried,“I know! It's my shadow on the ground．”

　　We saw that each girl and boy had a shadow and Miss Brooks had a bigger one．

　　I tried some funny tricks．When I moved, my shadow moved．When I ran, my shadow ran, too．But I could not catch it in the least．The Jess found a long and thin bamboo pole and stuck it into the ground．Even the pole had a shadow．

　　All this started me thinking about shadows．I didn't have a shadow the day before, when I walked in the very dark tunnel．My shadow is never with me in my room at night when the light is out．

　　I can't stop thinking about me and my shadow and about what makes shadows．I am going to look for more shadows because they are lots of fun．

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　　The porter brings your bags to your room and helpfully explains all you want to know．Then he points to the phone and says：“If there's anything else you need, just call．”All this time you have been thinking one thing：“How much should I tip(付小費(fèi))him?”To make your next trip a little easier, here's a guide to tipping across some Asian countries．

　　Bangkok

　　In general, the more Westernized the place is, the more likely you will be expected to leave a tip．Some top-end restaurants will add a 10％ service charge to the bill．If not, waiters will appreciate you tacking on(附加)the 10％ yourself．However, if you're eating at lower-end(低檔的)restaurant a tip is not necessary．If you're staying at one of Bangkok's many five-star hotels, expect to tip the porter 20 to 50 baht, depending on how many bags you have．Taxis are now metered in Bangkok．Local custom is to round the fare(車費(fèi))up to the nearest five baht．

　　Tipping is customary in this money-mad metropolis(大都市)．Most restaurants add a 10％ service charge to the hill, but the extra money often ends up in the pocket of the owner．If the service is good, add another 10％ to the bill, up to UK 100 in an especially nice restaurant．For HK 10 hotel porters should do it at all but the nicest hotel where a new HK 20 bill may be more acceptable．When in a taxi, round up(湊整數(shù))to the nearest dollar．

　　Kuala Lumpur

　　Tipping in Malaysia is limited to the expensive Westernized hotels, which often add a 10％ service charge to your meal or hotel room．If you are at a hotel restaurant, expect a 10％ service charge．But at local restaurants, there's no need to add a tip．At five-star hotels, one or two ringgit will content a porter．At lower end buildings you don't have to tip．Like Bangkok, many taxis are now metered(打表)so you can just round up to the nearest ring it．

　　Tipping is not part of Korean culture, although it has become a matter of course in international hotels where a 10％ service charge is often added．If you're at a Korean barbecue joint(燒烤處), there's no need to add anything extra．But a nice Italian restaurant may require a 10％ contribution．If you're at a top-end hotel, so expect to pay 500－1000 won per bag．Taxi drivers don't accept a tip．Keep the change for yourself．

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　　This is really a very fast game, the fastest I have seen so far this year．Both sides are fighting for the ball all the time．The crowd enjoy every minute of it．They're shouting at the tops of their voices．

　　Willis has the ball now．This is only his third game for Scotland, but he's playing so well that it won't be his last , I'm quite sure．

　　Willis passes the ball to Cotton．Cotton kicks it over the heads of the waiting Frenchmen, towards the goal-mouth．But he's too far away．Dupont picks it up easily, and throws it to Patou, out on the left．

　　France and Scotland still have one goal each, and there are only two minutes left in the game．But in that time, anything can happen．Patou kicks the ball across to Crozat．It's a beautiful kick, but Stevens jumps and just stops the ball with the side of his head．But Meunieer is there, he passes it to Crozat, and Crozat, without waiting a second, puts the ball into the back of the goal．It takes everybody by surprise．I've never seen a goal like it．

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Dear Sir,

　　I read your article(of the 4th of February)about the cost living in the country rather than the town, and I agree with most of the points that you made．My husband and I lived in the middle of Horlton until two years ago－a seaside town of nearly five hundred thousand people．When my husband stopped working, we moved to our present house in a small village at the foot of Roland Hill, and our costs are higher now．

　　I have to do my shopping in small shops, where the food is more expensive than in city supermarket; it costs more to travel by bus; and because the men who come to mend the TV set．or the washing machine, have to come further, we have to pay them more．

　　But it does not cost us as much to enjoy what is beautiful in the country; and peace and quiet are cheap．Many people spend a good deal of time and money driving into the country to enjoy the simple things of life; yet we can enjoy them just by going out of the front door．It costs more to live here than it did in Horlton, but now life is really worth living．

Yours faithfully,

Edith Randall(Mrs)

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