Question

10．Humans have five senses：sight，hearing，smell，taste and touch．They collect information for the brain．For example，the eyes collect information on pictures and the ears collect information on sounds．
Sometimes a person loses a sense．Their other senses become better．For example，a blind person has much better senses of hearing and touch．
Sight
The eyes can only see with light．Light carries the picture of something into the eyes so humans can see it．But do you know that the picture is upside down？The brain has to turn the picture the right way up again．
Hearing
Sounds travel through the air like waves （波）．Human ears are like cups．They catch sound waves for the brain and the brain translates them as different sounds．
Smell
Humans smell with their noses．Most people can recognize about 10，000 kinds of smell．This is amazing!Humans each have five million receptor cells （感受細(xì)胞）in their noses．Noses are not only for smelling．They also clean and warm the ail that people breathe in．How does the nose prevent the dirty air from getting into the body？Well，it sneezes（打噴嚏）！
Touch
There are receptor cells for the sense of touch all over the body．This is different from the other senses．Touch receptor cells are in the lowest part of the skin．They help the body to have all kinds of feelings like pain，cold and heat．Some parts of the body （like the finger） are more sensitive（敏感的）than other parts of the body （like the back） because they have more touch receptor cells．
Taste
People can taste food because they have about 10，000 taste buds（味蕾）on their tongues．Old taste buds die and new ones come out every two weeks．But when people get older，this happens less often．That's why old people often complain their food is tasteless．Scientists also find that smokers have fewer taste buds．Do you want food to taste good？Well，don't smoke!
For hundreds of years，people knew the basic tastes were sour，sweet，salty and bitter（苦）．In 2002，a fifth taste，umami（delicious taste） joined the list．Now，a study from Purdue University in the US found that fat could actually be the sixth basic taste．
To be considered a basic one，a taste needs to beable to active certain receptor cells in the mouths．A study has shown that humans have fat receptors in the mouths．Not long after that，a scientist made a study to test a second question：can people taste the difference between fat and other tastes？
Richard Mattes gave the testers six different kinds of things．Each kind had a taste：sweet，salty，sour，bitter，umami or the newcomer-fat．Mattes asked the people to pick out tastes by their differences．This was to test whether or not fat would be picked out from the group．Most of tlie testers could clearly find out the different taste of fat．
Then how does fat taste？"It's terrible．"Mattes said．"However，the taste can be pleasant in a small amount，just as we enjoy the bitterness of chocolate．"

senses

（111） parts of the body/collectors/organs

facts about the senses

sight	eyes	Pictures of real things are completely different in（112）brainfrom those carried by light into the eyes．
hearing	ears	Sound waves caught by ears must go through a process like（113）translatingso that we can hear different sounds．
smell	nose	The fhnctions of nose are smelling，cleaning and warming the air people breathe in．Sneezing is the way to（114）take outthe dirty air we breathe in．
touch	（115） skin	People feel pain，cold and heat（116）because ofthe fnction of the receptors．So the more touch receptors we have，the more sensitive we are．
taste	tongue	Old taste buds die and new ones come out every 2 weeks． Losing a certain amount of taste buds（117）causesthat the old and the smokers have a bad sense of taste．They can't enjoy tasty food like others．
		（118）basic tastes	sour sweet salty bitter umami
		one newly found taste	A scientific study has proved people have fat receptors in the mouth．One（119） more study shows：people can clearly（120）tell the taste of fat from other tastes．

Answer 1

分析 【文章大意】這篇文章主要講述了人類有五種感覺(jué)：視覺(jué)、聽(tīng)覺(jué)、嗅覺(jué)、味覺(jué)和觸覺(jué)． 它們?yōu)榇竽X收集信息．比如眼睛收集圖象的信息，耳朵收集聲音的信息．并且，幾百年來(lái)，人們知道基本的口味是酸、甜、咸、苦． 在2002年，第五種味道，鮮味加入了其中．現(xiàn)在，美國(guó)普渡大學(xué)的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，脂肪可能是第六基本的味道．

解答 111．parts of the body/collectors/organs．考查總稱．根據(jù)表格中 eyes，ears，nose，tongue 都是身體的一部分，所以填parts of the body/collectors/organs．
112．brain．考查名詞． 根據(jù)原文Sight部分的Light carries the picture of something into the eyes so humans can see it．But do you know that the picture is upside down？The brain has to turn the picture the right way up again．可知由光形成的影像和人腦中的影像是不同的．故填brain．
113．translating．考查動(dòng)詞．根據(jù)原文Hearing部分的"They catch sound waves for the brain and the brain translates them as different sounds．"可知它們抓住聲波并對(duì)大腦將它們轉(zhuǎn)化為不同的聲音．故填translating．
114．take out．考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)．根據(jù)原文Smell部分的How does the nose prevent the dirty air from getting into the body？Well，it sneezes （打噴嚏）！可知打噴嚏可以清除吸入的不干凈的空氣．故填take out．
115．skin．考查名詞．根據(jù)Touch部分的Touch receptor cells are in the lowest part of the skin．They help the body to have all kinds of feelings like pain，cold and heat．，可知觸摸感受器細(xì)胞在皮膚的最低點(diǎn)，它們幫助身體有各種各樣的感覺(jué)，像疼痛、寒冷和熱．故填skin．
116．because of．考查介詞短語(yǔ)．根據(jù)Touch receptor cells are in the lowest part of the skin．They help the body to have all kinds of feelings like pain，cold and heat．可知觸摸感受器細(xì)胞在皮膚的最低點(diǎn)，因?yàn)樗鼈儙椭�身體有各種各樣的感覺(jué)，像疼痛、寒冷和熱．前后兩句為因果關(guān)系，because of為介詞短語(yǔ)，后面接名詞或者代詞．故填because of．
117．causes．考查動(dòng)詞．根據(jù)原文Old taste buds die and new ones come out every two weeks．But when people get older，this happens less often．That's why old people often complain their food is tasteless．說(shuō)明味蕾的減少會(huì)導(dǎo)致老人嘗不出味道．故填cuases．
118．basic tastes．考查名詞．根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第四段的For hundreds of years，people knew the basic tastes were sour，sweet，salty and bitter （苦）．可知，酸甜苦辣是基本的味道．故填basic tastes．
119．more．考查副詞．根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段的A study has shown that humans have fat receptors in the mouths．Not long after that，a scientist made a study to test a second question：can people taste the difference between fat and other tastes？推斷出另一個(gè)更多的研究證明人們可以區(qū)分出脂肪．故填more．
120．tell．考查動(dòng)詞．根據(jù)原文倒數(shù)第二段的This was to test whether or not fat would be picked out from the group．Most of the testers could clearly find out the different taste of fat．得知這是為了測(cè)試是否將挑出脂肪，大部分的測(cè)試人員可以清楚地找出不同味道的脂肪，應(yīng)填tell．

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