Societies（社會(huì)）all over the world name places in similar ways. It often happens that a place has two names: One is named by the people and the other by the government. As in many areas, old habits died hard. and the place continues to be called by its unofficial name long after the meaning is lost.

Many roads and places in Singapore （新加坡）are named in order that the pioneers（先驅(qū)）will be remembered by young people today. Thus we have names such as Stamford Road and Raffles Palace. This is in keeping with traditions in many countries- in both the West and the East.

Another way of naming places is naming them after other places. Perhaps they were named to develop friendships between the two places or it could be that the people who used to live there were first from the places that the roads were named after. The mystery is clearer when we see some of the roads named in old British bases. If you step into Selector Airbase you will see Piccadilly Circus- clearly named by some homesick Royal Air Force personnel.

Some places were named after the activities that used to go on at those places. Bras Basah Road is an interesting example. “Base Basah” means “wet rice ” in Malay. Now why would anyone want to name a road “Wet Rice Road”? The reason is simple. During the pioneering days, wet rice was laid out to dry along this road.

A few roads in Singapore are named by their shapes. There is “Circular Road”for one. Other roads may have part of their names to describe their shapes, like “Paya Lebar Cresent”. This road is called a crescent （月牙）because it begins on the main road, makes a crescent and comes back to join the main road again.

64. Do societies name places in similar ways or quite different ways?

65. How can a place get its two names often?

66. Why do people name the place as Stamford Road?

67. What’s the reason for the road named as “Wet Rice Road”?

68. In what ways do Singaporeans name their places?

64. In similar ways.

65. One is named by the people and the other by the government.

66. To remember the pioneers. / To make sure the pioneers will be remembered by young people.

67. The reason is that during the pioneering days, wet rice was laid out to dry along this road.

68. They are named after the pioneers, after other places, after the activities and by their shapes.

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B．People in the world enjoying a longer life.
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D．A description of several societies where people living a long life.
【小題2】 “The idea of aging is foreign to them” means that _________.
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B．they have no idea of how old they are
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C．He hopes that they will live a still longer life.
D．He doesn’t think their life is full of pressure and worries.

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Around the world more and more people are taking part in dangerous sports and activities. Of course, there have always been people who have looked for adventure(冒險(xiǎn))---those who have climbed the highest mountains, traveled into unknown parts of the world or sailed in small boats across the greatest oceans. Now, however, there are people who look for an immediate excitement from a risky(冒險(xiǎn)的) activity which may only last a few minutes or even seconds. I would consider bungee(蹦極) jumping to be a good example of such an activity. You jump from a high place(perhaps a bridge or a hot-air balloon) 200 meters above the ground with an elastic(有彈性的) rope tied to your ankles. You fall at up to 150 kilometers an hour until the rope stops you from hitting the ground. It is said that about 2 million people around world have now tried bungee jumping. Other activities which most people would say are as risky as bungee jumping include jumping from tall buildings and diving into the sea from the top of high cliff(懸崖).

For the reasons, some psychologists explain that many people think their life in modern societies has become safe and boring. Not very long ago, people’s lives were constantly(持續(xù)的) in danger. They had to go out and hunt for food, diseases could not easily be cured, and life was a continuous battle (戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng))for survival.

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1.Are there many people who are taking part in the dangerous sports?

2.How many kinds of dangerous sports does the writer refer to?

3.How long does a bungee jumping usually last?

4.What do many people think of their life nowadays?

5.What does the writer tell us in the last two paragraphs?

 

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Steven Cleaver has some outdoor activity ideas for families. The activities will drive your family’s sadness away. Steven is the Executive Director（執(zhí)行理事）of Horizons for Youth, an organization in Massachusetts that has worked on children’s enviromental education for more than 60 years.

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Going to a nature center---In State Audubon societies, there are usually smaller nature centres. Naturalists are ready to answer kids’ questions so parents don’t need to worry about teaching the subject matter themselves.

Hiking---Going on a hike is a great way to go outdoors and get some exercise. State parks can offer free paths to hike along and many fields to explore.

Gardening--- Gardening is a wonderful family activity. Not only can the whole family get involved, but everyone can benefit from the harvest. Since it’s winter, you might just start with a family plan for the garden. The garden can be a cooperative effort where parents can teach their children teamwork. Assign tasks to each family member. Who plans? Who waters?

Fruit picking---It’s a great seasonal outdoor activity. Children get to see how fruits grow and everyone gets to enjoy the fruits which they pick.

Cleaning up---Taking part in nature clean-ups or volunteering to do path maintenance(維護(hù))teaches kids that they have the ability to do something positive for the environment and communities. When parents get involved, they can set a good example for their children to follow, which will help children realize their responsibility to protect the environment.

1. Will the outdoor activities drive your family’s sadness away?

______________________________________________________

2. Who will answer kids’ questions in nature centres, naturalists or parents?

   ______________________________________________________

3. Which places can offer free paths to hike along?

   ______________________________________________________

4.What is a great seasonal outdoor activity?

______________________________________________________

5.What can children learn from these outdoor activties ?

   ______________________________________________________

 

 

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