This theory _____ by Einstein.
[     ]
A. put forward
B. had been put forward
C. was put forward
D. has put forward
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科目：初中英語 來源：2013屆北京市延慶縣九年級上學(xué)期期末考試英語試卷（帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解

It is easy for us to tell who our family members are, but do plants recognize(識別) their own family? Some do, scientists say, according to a report by Science News in early 2010.
Guillermo P. Murphy and Susan Dudley are two plant scientists from McMaster University in Hamilton, Canada. They did a few experiments with Jewelweeds, a kind of flower that grows in wet, shady spots. They found that the flowers seem to know their own flower family. In their experiments, Murphy and Dudley planted jewelweeds in pots with either siblings or strangers.
When jewelweeds were planted in pots with strangers, the plants started to grow more leaves than if they had been planted alone. This response(反應(yīng))suggests that plants are competing with strangers for sunlight, since a plant with more leaves can receive more light and make more food. Jewelweeds usually grow in the shade, where sunlight is not enough.
When jewelweed seedlings(幼苗)were planted with siblings, they grew a few more branches than they usually would if they were alone – but they did not start growing lots of extra leaves. This behavior suggests the plants are more likely to share resources, rather than compete.
According to the Science News report, Jewelweeds are not the first plants that plant scientists have studied for family recognition. In 2007, Dudley and her team studied the Great Lakes sea rocket, a plant that grows on the beach – where it may be hard to get fresh water. In that experiment, the scientists found that when sea rockets were planted with siblings, they tolerated each other. But when they were planted with strangers, the sea rockets reacted by working extra hard to grow lots of roots.
Dudley says this just because sea rockets, on the beach, get plenty of sun but struggle for water – so when they’re threatened, they compete for water. Jewelweeds have plenty of water but have to compete for sunshine, so they grow more leaves.
【小題1】 What does the underlined word siblings mean?

A．Flowers come from foreign countries.
B．Plants growing in different environments.
C．Flowers planted with lots of strangers.
D．Plants that are the same kind.
【小題2】 In the text, the writer mentioned the experiments of Jewelweeds to         .
A．make a comparisonB．introduce a topic
C．describe a pretty flowerD．build a new theory
【小題3】 According to the passage, flowers planted alone will         .
A．grow more leaves than those planted in groups
B．become taller than those with more branches
C．grow fewer leaves than those planted with strangers
D．become ill easily because they can’t get enough shade
【小題4】 What can be the best title for the passage?
A．New Discoveries about Plants
B．How Plants Compete with Each Other
C．Family Recognition among Plants
D．Jewelweeds and the Great Lakes Sea Rockets

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科目：初中英語 來源：2013-2014學(xué)年江蘇省丹陽市九年級上學(xué)期期中考試英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解

You either have it, or you don’t—a sense of direction, that is. But why is that some people would find their way across the Sahara without a map, while others can lose themselves in the next street?

   Scientists say we’re all born with a sense of direction, but it is not properly understood how it works. One theory(理論) is that people with a good sense of direction have simply worked harder at developing it. Research being carried out at Liverpool University supports this idea and suggests that if we don’t have it, we lose it.

   “Children as young as seven have the ability to find their way around,” says Jim Martland, Research Director of this project. “However, if they are not allowed out alone or are taken everywhere by car, they never develop the skills.”

   Jim Martland also emphasized(強(qiáng)調(diào)) that young people should be taught certain skills to improve their sense of direction. He makes the following suggestions:

   If you are using a map, turn it to the way you are facing.

   If you leave your bike in a strange place, put it near something like a big stone or a tree. Note landmarks on the route as you go away from your bike. When you return, go back along the same route.

    The simple way of finding your direction is by using lines such as streets in a town, streams, or walls in the countryside to guide you. Count your steps so that you know how far you have gone and note any landmarks such as tower blocks or hills which can help you find out where you are.

   Now you will never get lost again!

1.Scientists believe that            .

A. only some babies are born with a sense of direction

B. people never lose their sense of direction

C. people learn a sense of direction as they grow older

D. everybody has a sense of direction from birth

2.What is true of seven-year-old children according to the passage?

A. They never have a sense of direction without a map.

B. They have a sense of direction and can find their way around.

C. They should never be allowed out alone if they lack a sense of direction.

D. They can develop a good sense of direction if they are driven around in a car.

3.If you leave your bike in a strange place, you should             .

A. tie it to the tree in order to prevent it from being stolen

B. draw a map of the route to help remember where it is

C. take the different routes when you come back to it

D. remember something easily recognizable(可辨認(rèn)的) on the route

 

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科目：初中英語 來源：2011屆河南省九年級上期期末調(diào)研考試英語卷 題型：閱讀理解

 

 One of the greatest mysteries on Earth is the statues which stand on Easter Island. Easter Island, which was almost uninhabited when it was discovered on Easter Day in 1722 by a Dutch captain, is the most distant island in the world covered with hundreds of giant statues, each weighing several tons and some standing more than 30 feet tall.

Who built these statues and why and how did they get there? Nobody knows the answer for sure.

One theory suggests that Easter Island was first inhabited by Polynesians, who traveled thousands of miles in their canoes（獨(dú)木舟）in 400 A.D. However, the ocean currents（洋流）which carried them there would not take them back, so that they could not leave.

The statues appear to have been made out of the top edge of the walls of a volcano on the island. Then, it may have been rolled or dragged down to the foot of the volcano(火山). Then, it was stood upright（直立）and ropes were tied around it, which was made to act as a pulley（滑輪）. Over a period of months, a statue could be walked for miles down to the ocean. Finally, it was placed in line with other statues, all of them looking towards the center of the island.

This process was difficult. If a statue fell over, it was too heavy to be pulled upright again, so the islanders went back and carved another statue.

The population of Easter Island must have reached 11,000. Later, the resources of the island were used up and people began fighting and eating each other. Work on the statues stopped and the statues were knocked over. When the first Europeans finally arrived on the island, most of these people had died out.

1.This passage is mainly about ________ .

A. the discovery of Easter Island             B. the statues on Easter Island

C. the history of Easter Islanders             D. the earliest population on Easter Island

2. Which of the following correctly tells of the possible working process after a statue was made?

a. It was stood upright and ropes were tied around it.

b. It was walked for miles down to the ocean.

c. It was placed in line with other statues.

d. It was moved to the foot of the volcano.

A. c-d-a-b             B. d-b-a-c          C. a-c-b-d            D. d-a-b-c

3. It’s not a fact that ________ .

A. Easter Island is the most distant island in the world    

B. Easter is the name of a holiday

C. not all the statues were placed in a line  

D. the island was once rich in natural resources

4.The underlined word uninhabited most probably means ________.

   A. mysterious                                 B. lost 

C. unknown to the world                             D. with no people living there

 

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科目：初中英語 來源：2011屆江蘇省如皋市初三下學(xué)期第一次月考英語卷 題型：閱讀理解

 

 One of the greatest mysteries on Earth is the statues which stand on Easter Island. Easter Island, which was almost uninhabited when it was discovered on Easter Day in 1722 by a Dutch captain, is the most distant island in the world covered with hundreds of giant statues, each weighing several tons and some standing more than 30 feet tall.

Who built these statues and why and how did they get there? Nobody knows the answer for sure.

One theory suggests that Easter Island was first inhabited by Polynesians, who traveled thousands of miles in their canoes（獨(dú)木舟）in 400 A.D. However, the ocean currents（洋流）which carried them there would not take them back, so that they could not leave.

The statues appear to have been made out of the top edge of the walls of a volcano on the island. Then, it may have been rolled or dragged down to the foot of the volcano(火山). Then, it was stood upright（直立）and ropes were tied around it, which was made to act as a pulley（滑輪）. Over a period of months, a statue could be walked for miles down to the ocean. Finally, it was placed in line with other statues, all of them looking towards the center of the island.

This process was difficult. If a statue fell over, it was too heavy to be pulled upright again, so the islanders went back and carved another statue.

The population of Easter Island must have reached 11,000. Later, the resources of the island were used up and people began fighting and eating each other. Work on the statues stopped and the statues were knocked over. When the first Europeans finally arrived on the island, most of these people had died out.

1.This passage is mainly about ________ .

A. the discovery of Easter Island             B. the statues on Easter Island

C. the history of Easter Islanders             D. the earliest population on Easter Island

2. Which of the following correctly tells of the possible working process after a statue was made?

a. It was stood upright and ropes were tied around it.

b. It was walked for miles down to the ocean.

c. It was placed in line with other statues.

d. It was moved to the foot of the volcano.

A. c-d-a-b             B. d-b-a-c          C. a-c-b-d            D. d-a-b-c

3. It’s not a fact that ________ .

A. Easter Island is the most distant island in the world    

B. Easter is the name of a holiday

C. not all the statues were placed in a line  

D. the island was once rich in natural resources

4.The underlined word uninhabited most probably means ________.

   A. mysterious                                 B. lost 

C. unknown to the world                             D. with no people living there

 

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