【題目】根據(jù)句子意思,用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

With the COVID-19 epidemic 1(hit) China, many of you might want to know more about the virus. The disease 2(cause) by a newly-found type of coronavirus. Coronaviruses are a large family of 3(virus). 4word “corona” comes from Latin and refers to crowns. When people first saw a coronavirus under a microscope, they found that its spikes (刺突) made it look like a crown. That’s 5the virus family got its name. Some coronaviruses cause disease in humans; 6otherspread illness among animals, including camels, cats and bats.

We 7(find) seven types of coronavirus that can infect humans so far. Four of them are common and cause respiratory (呼吸道的) illnesses 8 mild(輕度的) flu. Rarely, animal coronaviruses can evolve (進(jìn)化) and then spread among people, such as with Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS,中東呼吸綜合癥) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS,嚴(yán)重急性呼吸綜合癥). Novel coronavirus, 9was first found in Wuhan, is the 10(seven) one.

【答案】

1hitting

2is caused

3viruses

4The

5how

6others

7have found

8such as

9which

10seventh

【解析】

本文介紹了有關(guān)新冠病毒的一些信息,其中包括取名方式,以及它會(huì)感染人類,并舉了中東呼吸綜合癥和嚴(yán)重急性呼吸綜合癥的例子。

1句意:隨著新冠病毒在中國(guó)的流行,你們中的許多人可能想知道更多關(guān)于該病毒的信息。

此處是with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),其后接現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語(yǔ)修飾其前名詞epidemic;hit侵襲,是動(dòng)詞,其現(xiàn)在分詞為hitting,故答案為hitting

2句意:這種疾病是由一種新發(fā)現(xiàn)的冠狀病毒引起的。

此處主語(yǔ)disease是動(dòng)詞cause的承受者,兩者構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)be done;根據(jù)主語(yǔ)disease為三單,可知be動(dòng)詞用is;cause引起,是動(dòng)詞,其過去分詞為caused,故答案為is caused。

3句意:冠狀病毒是一大類病毒。

此處根據(jù)其前be動(dòng)詞用are,可知用名詞復(fù)數(shù);virus病毒,是名詞,其復(fù)數(shù)在詞尾加es,故答案為viruses。

4句意:“corona”這個(gè)詞來(lái)自拉丁語(yǔ),指的是皇冠。

此處缺冠詞,限定其后名詞word;根據(jù)此處表特指,可知用定冠詞the,故答案為The

5句意:那就是病毒家族如何得名的。

此處引導(dǎo)一個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句,在從句中充當(dāng)方式狀語(yǔ),應(yīng)該用關(guān)系副詞how引導(dǎo),意為“如何”,故答案為how。

6句意:一些冠狀病毒在人類身上引起疾病;另一些病毒在動(dòng)物中傳播疾病,包括駱駝、貓和蝙蝠。

此處作主語(yǔ),表示“其他一些病毒”;other其他的,是代詞,其后要接名詞作主語(yǔ),應(yīng)該用others,意為“其他事物”,故答案為others。

7句意:到目前為止我們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了七種能感染人類的冠狀病毒。

此處作謂語(yǔ),根據(jù)時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞so far,可知用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has done;根據(jù)主語(yǔ)we為復(fù)數(shù),可知用have;find發(fā)現(xiàn),是動(dòng)詞,其過去分詞為found,故答案為have found。

8句意:其中四種是常見的,會(huì)引起呼吸道疾病,如輕度流感。

根據(jù)句意,可知此處表列舉,意為“例如”,應(yīng)該用such as,故答案為such as。

9句意:武漢地區(qū)首次發(fā)現(xiàn)的新型冠狀病毒是第七種冠狀病毒。

此處引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞Novel coronavirus,為物,充當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ),應(yīng)該用關(guān)系代詞which,故答案為which

10句意:武漢地區(qū)首次發(fā)現(xiàn)的新型冠狀病毒是第七種冠狀病毒。

此處修飾限定其后代詞one,再根據(jù)其前the,可知用序數(shù)詞;seven七,是基數(shù)詞,其序數(shù)詞為seventh,意為“第七”,故答案為seventh。

做短文填空時(shí),注意要先略讀全文,把握文章大意;然后通讀句意,確定橫線處所充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞,從而確定單詞的詞性;然后根據(jù)所給單詞進(jìn)行詞形變換,再根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)原則、主謂一致、固定搭配等用單詞的正確形式填空;若沒有給單詞,則根據(jù)句子前后邏輯考慮是否缺連詞,或根據(jù)固定搭配等考慮是否缺介詞。如小題7,句意為“到目前為止我們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了七種能感染人類的冠狀病毒”。此處作謂語(yǔ),根據(jù)時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞so far,可知用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has done;根據(jù)主語(yǔ)we為復(fù)數(shù),可知用have;find發(fā)現(xiàn),是動(dòng)詞,其過去分詞為found,故答案為have found。

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