Are you carrying too much on your back at school? I’m sure lots of children of your age will, say "Yes". Not only the students in China have this problem, but children in the United States also have heavy school bags.
Doctors are starting to worry that younger and younger students are having back and neck problems as a result of schools bags being too heavy for them.
"It’s hard for me to go upstairs with my bag because it’s so heavy, "said Rick Hammond, an 11-year-old student in the US.
Rick is among students who have common school bags with two straps(帶子) to carry them, but many other students choose rolling(有滾輪的)bags.
But even with rolling bags, getting up stairs and buses is still a problem for children. Many of them have hurt their backs and necks because of the heavy school bags.
But how much is too much? Doctors say students should carry no more than 10% to 15% of their own body weight(重量).
Scott Bautch, a back doctor, said children under Grade 4 should stay with 10 % . But it is also important that older children don’t stay with over 15 %, because their bodies are still growing. "Children are losing their balance(平衡) and falling down with their school bags, "he said.
Parents and teachers are starting to tell children to only take home library books they will be reading that night. Some teachers are using pieces of paper or thin workbooks for students to take home.
One of the best answers is, as some children said, to have no homework at all!
小題1: From the passage we can know that      .
A．only children in China carry too heavy school bags
B．children in other countries don’t carry too heavy bags
C．both children in China and the US carry too heavy school bags
D．only children in the US carry too heavy school bags
小題2:Children feel it hard for them to go upstairs because
A．they are too young
B．their school bags are too heavy
C．they don’t know how to go upstairs
D．their parents don’t always go upstairs with them together
小題3:If a child carries a heavy school bag,        .
A．his back and neck will be hurt
B．his head and arms will be hurt
C．his hands will be hurt
D．his feet will be hurt
小題4:According to the doctor, Scott Bautch, if a child in Grade 5 weighs(重) about 30 kilos, the school bag he carries should not be over               
A．5 kilosB．3 kilosC．5. 5 kilosD．4, 5 kilos
小題5:Some students think the best answer to his problems is that             . .
A．they should have a little homework to do after they get home
B．their teachers had better not ask them to do any homework
C．they should only take home library books they will read that night
D． they should use thin workbooks instead of thick ones

小題1:C           
小題1:B
小題1:A
小題1:D
小題1:B

本文講的是書包太重給學(xué)生帶來的問題。
1. C 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)Not only the students in China have this problem, but children in the United States also have heavy school bags可知不但中國學(xué)生有書包太重這個問題，而且美國也有，故選C。
2. B 細(xì)節(jié)題。答案來自說話的內(nèi)容：It’s hard for me to go upstairs with my bag because it’s so heavy，可知是書包重導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果，故選B。
3. A 定位到第二段，根據(jù)younger and younger students are having back and neck problems as a result of schools bags being too heavy for them可知是學(xué)生的背部和頸部出現(xiàn)了問題，故也受到了傷害，選A。
4. D 此題是個計算題。從文中Doctors say students should carry no more than 10% to 15%及don’t stay with over 15 %可知，最大的承受量是30*15%＝4.5，故選D。
5. B 細(xì)節(jié)題，答案來自文章最后一句，One of the best answers is, as some children said, to have no homework at all是說不要做任何的作業(yè)，故選B。
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科目：初中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

To most of us, school means classes, teachers, schedules, grades and tests. But for the children at Sudbury Valley School in Massachusetts, school is very different.

Firstly, there are no lessons. All the children, aged between 4 and 19, do whatever they want. There are no teachers, only “staff members”. The idea behind this is that you do not need to make children learn, because children want to learn anyway. “You do not need to say to a three-year-old, ‘Go explore your environment.’ You can’t stop them!”says Daniel Greenberg, a founder of the school. “But if you make children do what you want all day… they will lose all taste of learning.” At Sudbury Valley School, you will find children talking, reading, painting, cooking, working on computers, studying French, playing the piano, climbing trees, or just running around. Two boys spent three years just fishing!
The other way that Sudbury Valley School is different is that the children can decide the rules. Every week, there is a school meeting where both children and staff have one vote (投票)each—even the four-year-olds. They decide the school rules, how to spend the school money, and even which staff they want and do not want anymore.
When the school first opened in 1968, people said it would never work. But today, the school has 200 students, and 80% of its students go on to college. Even the two boys who went fishing all the time have successful careers today. One of them is a musician and the other is a computer scientist.
小題1:What's special about the school?
A．There is nobody but students there.
B．All the students are of the same age.
C．There are no classes for the students.
D．There are no rules in the school.
小題2:What do the students do in the school?
A．They learn everything there from the staff members.
B．They grow up there without learning anything.
C．They spend all the time with their parents.
D．They do whatever they are interested in.
小題3:The school seems to believe that children________.
A．learn best when they are doing what they want
B．a(chǎn)re too young to learn anything by themselves
C．can look after themselves without any help
D．can't go to college without any hard work
小題4:The last paragraph wants to tell us that_         .
A．the writer doesn't like the idea of the school
B．the school is quite successful in its work
C．most of the parents don't believe in the school
D．younger students learn better there than older ones
小題5:The underlined word career in the last paragraph most probably means_.
A. family   B. money    C. lifestyle   d. job

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科目：初中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

When you look at the sky at night, the moon looks bigger than the stars. Actually, the moon is much smaller than the stars and the sun. It’s much smaller than the earth. But the moon is much closer to us than any star. That is why it looks so big. If you hold a coin close to your eye, it looks big. If you look at it across the moon, it looks small.
The moon moves around the earth. It makes one trip in about four weeks. The moon looks flat to us. But it is a round ball, like the earth.
People once thought the moon had fire on it. They thought the fire made it bright. Now we know the moon is like a mirror. It gets its light from the sun.
Our sunlight comes from the sun, too. What is the sun? The sun is a star. The stars we can see have their own light. There are many big stars we cannot see. Their light had burned out. Others are still bright, but they are so far away that we cannot see them. The sun looks bigger and much brighter than other stars because it is the nearest of all stars. The sun and the other stars we see are very hot, but the air around us saves us from the heat of the sun.
The sun gives us light and warmth. It makes plants grow and turns leaves green. It makes life possible on our earth. It is a life giving star.
小題1: It takes _______ for the moon to go around the earth.
A．more than a weekB．nearly a monthC．half a yearD．more than a year
小題2: The moon is bright because _______.
A．there is some fire on itB．it is near the sun, too
C．there is a big mirror on itD．it can get light from the sun
小題3: The passage tells us _______.
A．the sun is not the biggest starB．the sun is bigger than any other star
C．only the sun can shineD．the sun is one of the farthest stars to us
小題4: Why do we call the sun "a life giving star"?
A．Because it gives us warmth.
B．Because there are some living things on it.
C．Because plants and animals can’t live without it.
D．Because people have to live in the dark without it.

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科目：初中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

We use the Internet for many things: business, shopping， writing letters, talking to people, finding information and so on. In recent years a new kind of English has grown on the Internet. There’s no real word for it yet, so we’ll call it e-talk. People don’t like typing too much. To save time, they turn phrases into a few letters called acronyms. Acronyms are often used in chat rooms. Some of them are.
BTW （by the way）   BRB (be right back)
LOL (laughing out loud) IMO (in my opinion)
People also use many abbreviations (縮寫), They are shortened forms of words. Some common abbreviations are:
Info (information) purer (computer)
Pie (picture)       sec (second)
We usually don’t see people when we communicate (交流) on the Net, so people have new ways to show feelings. Most people use their keywords to draw “feeling”. such as:
:-)( happy)    :-p(joking)   :-( (sad)  :-0(surprised)
These days, many forums (論壇) have picture feelings. For example，

There are even whole new words, like” newbie’s”(someone who is new on a chat board or forum).
It takes time for people to get used to (適應(yīng)) e-talk. Also, different groups on the Net have their own special ways of communicating. Newbie’s have to ask other people what they mean. As the Internets grows, e-talk will continue to grow and change.
小題1: What does the underline “acronyms” mean?
A.網(wǎng)友        B.聊天室      C.首字母縮寫詞
小題2: Why do people type acronyms?
A. to show their feelings.
B. Because people can type them quickly.
C. In this way newbie’s won’t understand them.
小題3: What does” BTW, my purer is not working well.:-(“mean?
A. The person is angry at somebody.
B. The person is happy about getting a new computer.
C. The person is sad that his computer is having problems.
小題4: E-talk wills probably          .
A. keep changing.
B. be easy by people on the telephone
C. be used by people on the telephone
小題5:What’s the best title for this passage?
A. E-talk language
B. Picture Feelings
C. How to Use Abbreviations

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科目：初中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

I am a professor of sports and exercise so I often deal with nervousness in my research with sports people. Actually, most people experience nervousness at some time or another.
If you are feeling anxious, my advice is to first find the cause or causes. Make s list of those things that are making you nervous and work out which ones you can do something about. Focus all of your efforts on managing the causes that you can control.
Most people cannot tell the difference between controllable(可控制的) and uncontrollable causes, so things they can’s control become a big reason for nervousness. Dealing with this is very important if people want to keep a healthy mind.
Simply try to accept the uncontrollable causes of nervousness. You might be worried about the weather on a big day, an accident or an attack on the train, or perhaps just things that other people are doing at work. The results may be very important but there is still no use worrying because you can’t control any of these things. Accept that you can’t control everything. Once you understand this, it becomes easier not to worry.
If a situation, such as swimming, is causing you to be anxious, try to face it as often as possible so that you can get used to it.
It can often help to think about yourself doing the thing that makes you nervous—then close your eyes and imagine it going well. Imagine how the flight or job interview is going to happen so that you can get used to it. This will help you understand that the thing you fear most is probably not going to happen.
小題1:Who wrote this passage?
A．A reporter.B．A sportsman.C．A patient.D．A professor.
小題2:The writer thinks there is no use worrying about some causes of nervousness because____.
A．most are not very important
B．they are not the real causes of the problem
C．they cannot be controlled by people
D．it’s better to deal with one cause at a time
小題3: If swimming makes you nervous, what should you do according to the writer?
A．Go swimming often to get used to it.
B．Avoid going to the swimming pool.
C．Find a swimming teacher.
D．Imagine watching others swim.
小題4:What is true about nervousness according to the passage?
A．It usually has only one cause.
B．It is usually caused by people.
C．People can easily manage it.
D．Most people suffer from it.
小題5: What is the main purpose of this passage?
A．To introduce the writer’s sports experience.
B．To advise on how to deal with nervousness.
C．To help people remember their fears.
D．To explain the dangers of nervousness.

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科目：初中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

When the Audet family turns on the lights at Blue Farm, they are using electricity that comes from cows—cow manure (糞肥), to be specific.
Cows produce a lot of wastes. One cow can create 30 gallons of wastes each day. Now imagine the output of over 1,000 cows at Blue Farm. That’s really a big amount.
When farmers clean their barns, they put the wastes in a big heap, and spread some of them on their fields for fertilizer(肥料). But now places like Blue Spruce Farm have a new way of using cow wastes. They use them to produce electricity.
Here’s how it works: A big machine moves back and forth cleaning the barn floor. “The cows aren’t bothered,” says Marie Audet. “They are animals of habit; they get used to it, and just lift one foot and then another to let it go by.”
The machine pushes the manure into a big 600-gallon tank like a small swimming pool. The tank is called a digester (化糞池) because what happens there is just like what happens inside a cow: Bacteria(細(xì)菌) get to work and continue to digest the manure.
Methane gas (甲烷、沼氣)in the atmosphere is known as a “greenhouse” gas because it keeps heat just like a greenhouse does, causing our planet to warm up. That’s an environmental concern. But the digester has a good result. Its gas is kept and used to power electric generators (發(fā)電機(jī)).
At Blue Farm, the generators make enough electricity to power 400 homes. The Audet family sells the extra electricity they can’t use themselves.
小題1:We learn from the text that the Audet family is using cow wastes to ______.
A．make electricity B．produce fertilizerC．build their farm D．feed the cows
小題2:How are the cow wastes collected into the digester at Blue Farm?
A．Marie Audet does the workB．The job is done by machine
C．The cows lift the cow wastesD．Bacteria get to work on them
小題3: According to the passage, which of the following is changed into electricity?
A．The power of moving water. B．The heat of burning coal.
C．The power of sunlight.D．The heat of the methane gas
小題4:The new way of using cow wastes at Blue Farm might be best described as ______.
A．reducingB．savingC．recyclingD．changing
小題5: What is the main purpose for writing the passage?
A．To introduce a new way of making electricityB．To explain how a new energy works better
C．To show a new rebuilding plan for a big farmD．To explain the reasons for green house effect

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科目：初中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

When you finish high school or university, is learning done? The answer is “no”. In many countries, people continue learning all their lives. Why is lifelong learning important? How can it help you? Let’s look at one example of lifelong learning in Japan.
Why is lifelong learning important?
You go to school and learn. You take tests. But learning doesn’t only happen in school. And learning doesn’t stop when you graduate from high school or college. You are learning all the time. For example, learning can happen when you go to a museum. It can also happen when you get a job. You learn when you play a sport or when you take a trip. Learning is life! We never stop learning. Every day, you can improve yourself by learning something new.
Lifelong learning in Japan
In Japan, life learning is very important. People in Japan like to try new learning activities. Music calligraphy, flower arranging, and foreign languages are some of their favorite classes. The Japanese take classes to improve their skills and learn new things.
Conclusion
When we graduate from school, we can continue to learn. Make lifelong learning one of your goals!
小題1:Why is lifelong learning important?
A．It helps you improve yourself.B．It’s the best way to learn.
C．It’s fun and easy.D．It’s an important goal.
小題2: Some people in Japan take foreign language classes to       .
A．get a jobB．learn new things
C．get good gradesD．finish college
小題3:Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Learning only happens in school.
B．When we graduate from school, learning is done.
C．You can’t learn anything when you play a sport.
D．Music, calligraphy, flower arranging and foreign languages are popular classes in Japan.
小題4:What is the main idea of the reading?
A．Learning can be fun.B．We are always learning in school.
C．Finishing high school is important.D．People can learn all their lives.

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科目：初中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答問題。（共10分，每小題2分）
　　We need to be responsible for our environment. Being a frugal consumer(節(jié)儉的消費者) is one way to help. But, what exactly does that mean?
　　Use It Up
　　You can use things up instead of wasting them. Squeeze that last bit of toothpaste out of the tube. Use the last little piece of soap. Don't throw away any bits of the biscuit at the bottom of the box.
　　Wear It Out
　　You do not always need to have new things. Suppose your sneakers have broken laces, but they still fit you. Repair them and wear them longer. You don't have the latest iPhone until the old one doesn't work anymore. Then you can get a new one. Think twice before replacing something that still works.
　　Make It Do
　　When something you want is not on hand, look for something else that you already have to take its place. Suppose you are packing your lunch for tomorrow and want a butter sandwich. You are out of butter. Have a cheese sandwich instead so that you can use all of the cheese. Learn to fix broken toys instead of just throwing them away. With a little thought, you can make something do, instead of buying something new.
　　Do Without
　　Think about all those things that you would like to have. Do you really need them? How long will you really play with that new toy you saw on TV? Making the things that we want uses up your world's resources(資源). And, getting rid of the things we don't want any more takes up even more resources and space.
　小題1:Do we need to be responsible for our environment?
　小題2: How do we deal with the last little piece of soap?
　小題3:When do we need to get a new iPhone?
　小題4: What should we do when something we want is not on hand？
小題5:What does the writer want to tell us?

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科目：初中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

A plant(植物) makes its own food in its leaves .Water comes to the leaves through the roots（根）. Air gets into the leaves through very small holes（孔） . The green coloring in the leaves uses the water and air to make the food for the plant . It also needs sunshine because a plant can make food only when the sun is shining.
Animals and people could not live without green plants . They both eat plants .People and some animals also eat the meat of some animals and these animals eat plants.
小題1: A plant gets food from________
A．the sunB．its leavesC．its rootsD．the air
小題2:What does the green coloring use to make the food for a plant?
A．Sunshine ,water ,air and the rootsB．Air ,sunshine and water
C．Water ,air and meatD．Water ,sunshine and animals
小題3:A plant has very small holes in its leaves for__________ to come in.
A．a(chǎn)irB．waterC．sunshineD．green coloring
小題4: A plant can make its food when it is _______.
A．cloudyB．rainyC．sunnyD．windy
小題5:People would die without________
A．a(chǎn)nimalsB．meatC．plantsD．leaves

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