Question

【題目】 Some believe that people are either smart or dumb. And if they are smart, everything is easy for them. 【1】 But they can improve the skills they have and develop new ones. What’s your opinion?

In fact, this is related to one’s mindset (思維模式). Dr. Carol Dweck, a psychology (心理學) professor at Stanford University, has discovered that people with a fixed mindset solve problems in a much different way from those with a growth mindset.

Dr. Dweck found people with a fixed mindset care about grades. When they make mistakes, they think it means they’re not smart【2】 They’re afraid of challenges, because if they don’t do well, they may look dumb. People with a growth mindset, on the other hand, care about learning, not grades. They learn from mistakes by trying different ways to solve problems or asking for help.

【3】 They discovered that students with a growth mindset do better in math; those with a fixed mindset do worse. Why? Kids with both mindsets do well in primary school, but middle school math is much harder. So while the growth-mindset kids embrace (擁抱)the challenge and work harder, the fixed-mindset kids may just give up. 【4】

But Dweck’s team discovered something even more important than that. They found that, with some work, kids can choose to have a growth mindset and do better in school. Everyone has some of each type of mindset. 【5】When you hear your fixed mindset voice telling you that you’re dumb, or that you’ll look stupid if you ask for help, or that learning a new skill is hard, talk back to it! Then you really can get smarter by working hard, practicing and challenging yourself!

A. Some people believe that everyone in the world is smart.

B. As a result, their grades drop.

C. They also care about how smart they look.

D. Some hold the belief that not everyone can become a genius(天才).

E. Dweck’s team found fixed-mindset kids can’t do well in primary school.

F. They are just like two kinds of voices in your head.

G. Dweck and her team did a research among middle school students.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】C

【3】G

【4】B

【5】F

【解析】

短文講了有些人認為人要么聰明，要么愚蠢，短文做了一個調查，并告訴我們如何調整好心態(tài)。

【1】細節(jié)推理題。根據前句Some believe that people are either smart or dumb. And if they are smart, everything is easy for them.有些人認為人要么聰明，要么愚蠢。如果他們聰明，一切都很容易和后句But they can improve 0the skills they have and develop new ones.但他們可以提高現有的技能，開發(fā)新的技能可知結合選項，應說有些人認為不是每個人都能成為天才，故選D。

【2】細節(jié)推理題。根據前句When they make mistakes, they think it means they're not smart.當他們犯錯誤時，他們認為這意味著他們不聰明和后句They're afraid of challenges, because if they don't do well, they may look dumb.他們害怕挑戰(zhàn)，因為如果他們做得不好，他們可能看起來很傻，可知結合選項，應說他們也關心自己看上去有多聰明，故選C。

【3】細節(jié)推理題。根據后句They discovered that students with a growth mindset do better in math; those with a fixed mindset do worse.他們發(fā)現，成長型思維的學生在數學上做得更好；固定心態(tài)的學生更差。可知結合選項，應說Dweck和她的團隊對中學生進行了研究，故選G。

【4】細節(jié)推理題。根據前句So while the growth-mindset kids embrace(擁抱）the challenge and work harder, the fixed-mindset kids may just give up.因此，當有成長意識的孩子接受挑戰(zhàn)并更加努力地工作時，有固定思維的孩子可能會放棄�？芍�結合選項，應說結果，他們的成績下降了。故選B。

【5】細節(jié)推理題。根據后句When you hear your fixed mindset voice telling you that you're dumb, or that you'll look stupid if you ask for help, or that learning a new skill is hard, talk back to it!當你聽到你固定的心態(tài)告訴你你很笨，或者如果你請求幫助你會看起來很愚蠢，或者學習一種新的技能是困難的，請回過頭來，可知結合選項，應說它們就像你腦海里的兩種聲音，故選F。