Question

【題目】（題文）Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.

One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, additional learning trials(嘗試)increase the length of time we will remember it.

In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.

The multiplication tables(乘法口訣表)are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.

The law of overlearning explains why cramming(突擊學習)for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for one's future development.

【1】（小題1）What is the main idea of paragraph 1?

A. People remember well what they learned in childhood.

B. Children have a better memory than grown-ups.

C. Poem reading is a good way to learn words.

D. Stories for children are easy to remember.

【2】（小題2）The author explains the law of overlearning by_________.

A. presenting research findings B. setting down general rules

C. making a comparison D. using examples

【3】（小題3）According to the author, being able to use multiplication tables is_______.

A. a result of overlearning B. a special case of cramming

C. a skill to deal with math problems D. a basic step towards advanced studies

【4】（小題4）What is the author's opinion on cramming?

A. It leads to failure in college exams. B. It's helpful only in a limited way.

C. It's possible to result in poor memory. D. It increases students' learning interest.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】【1】A

【2】【2】D

【3】【3】A

【4】【4】B

【解析】

試題本文屬于科普類閱讀，主要介紹了我們學習過程中的the law of overlearning超量學習（指學習或熟記到能立即回憶起的程度），作者主要通過舉例說明的方法來闡述這一學習方法的優(yōu)劣。

【1】【1】A 段落大意題。根據(jù)第一段主題句Grownups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since.可知人們很容易就記住在童年時期學會的技巧。在下面兩句中列舉了事例來證明這一現(xiàn)象。故A正確。

【2】【2】D 推理題。根據(jù)文章第三段第一句In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them.可知作者通過列舉游泳、騎自行車以及打棒球等事例來說明the law of overlearning。故D正確。

【3】【3】B 猜測詞意題。根據(jù)前半句The multiplication tables(乘法口訣表)are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school對于the law of overlearning來說，乘法口訣是一個例外。因為它們屬于另外一種的the law of overlearning。本句becausetheyare another of the things we overlearn in childhood.中的they就是指前半句中的the multiplication tables。故B正確。

【4】【4】B 推理題。根據(jù)最后一段前兩句The law of overlearning explains why cramming(突擊學習)for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned.可知突擊學習可以讓我們通過考試，但是并不是一個學習大學課程的好方法，因為我們很快就會忘記突擊學習的內(nèi)容。所以這只是一種很有局限性的學習方法。故B正確。

在解決詞義猜測題的時候，我們可以根據(jù)上下文的指代關系進行猜測。文章中的代詞it, that, this, he, him 或them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that還可以指一件事。有時代詞指代的對象相隔較遠，要認真查找；也有時需要對前面提到的內(nèi)容進行總結，才能得出代詞所指代的事。例如：

However, the question that “moon people” asked is still an interesting one. A growing number of scientists are seriously thinking aboutit.

本句中的it指的是月球人(moon people)所問的問題（the question）。

本文14題，要求猜出句中they的含義，根據(jù)前半句The multiplication tables(乘法口訣表)are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school對于the law of overlearning來說，乘法口訣是一個例外�？芍�本句中的they就是指前半句中的the multiplication tables。