Question

Research proves that nearly half of the cancers diagnosed(診斷) in the UK each year—over 130,000 in total— are caused by life choices that include smoking, drinking and eating the wrong things.

Tobacco(煙草) is the biggest factor, causing 23% for cases in men and 15.6% in women, says the Cancer Research UK report. Next comes a lack of fresh fruit and vegetables in men’s diets, while for women it is being overweight. Lead author of the report, Professor Max Parkin, said: “Many people believe cancer is related to fate(命運(yùn)) or ‘in the genes(基因)’, and that it depends on luck whether they get it or not. Looking at all the evidence, it is clear that around 40% of all cancers are caused by things we mostly have the power to change.”

For men, the best advice appears to be: stop smoking, eat more fruit and vegetables and cut down on how much alcohol you drink. For women, again, the best advice is to stop smoking, but also watch your weight.

In total, 14 lifestyle and environmental factors, such as where you live and the job you do, cause 134,000 cancers in the UK each year.

Some risk factors are well founded, such as smoking’s link with lung(肺) cancer. But others are less well realized. For stomach cancer, a fifth of the risk comes from having too much salt in the diet, data suggests. Some cancers, like mouth and throat cancer, are caused almost mainly by lifestyle choices. But others, like gall bladder cancer(膽囊癌), are largely not related to lifestyle.

Public Health Minister, Anne Milton, said: “By making small changes you can cut your risk of serious health problems—giving up smoking, watching you drink, getting more exercise and keeping an eye on your weight.”

1.The underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refer to________.

A.change B.lifestyle C.cancer D.weight

2.According to Professor Parkin, he thinks that________.

A.cancers are caused because of genes

B.some cancers may be avoided mainly

C.most cancers are caused for no reason

D.men can keep an eye on their weight to avoid cancers

3.According to this passage, stomach cancer can be brought on by________.

A.working overtime B.taking in too much salt

C.lack of exercise D.smoking too much

4.Which of the following can be learnt from the passage?

A.Smoking is the only cause of lung cancer.

B.Drinking a small amount of wine is good for health.

C.Some cancers may not be caused by lifestyle choices.

D.About 134,000 people die of cancer in the UK each year.

Answer 1