Question

【題目】Life is full of surprises and you never know how things will turn out .

Sir John Gurdon is a good example of this. As a boy, he was told he was hopeless at science and finished bottom of his class. Now, aged 79, the very same Gurdon shared the 2012 Nobe Prize in Medicine with Japanese stem cell(干細(xì)胞) researcher Shinya Yamanaka.

Like so many scientists, Gurdon shows us where the power of curiosity and perseverance (堅(jiān)持不懈)can lead.

At the age of 15 in 1948, Gurdon ranked last out of the 250 boys at his high school in biology and every other science subject. Gurdon’s high school science teacher even said that his dream of becoming a scientist was“quite ridiculous”.

In spite of his teacher s criticisms，Gurdon followed his curiosity and kept working hard. He went to the lab early and left later than anyone else. He experienced thousands of failures.

“My own belief is that we will, in the end, understand everything about how cells actually work,” Gurdon said.

In 1962, Gurdon took a cell from an adult frog and moved its genetic(基因的）information into an egg cell. The egg cell then grew into a clone(克隆) of the adult frog. This technique later helped to create Dolly the sheep in 1996, the first cloned mammal(哺乳動(dòng)物）in the world.

In 2006，Gurdon’s work was developed by Yamanaka to show that a sample(樣本）of a person’s skin can be used to create stem cells. Using this technique, doctors can repair a patient’s heart after a heart attack.

Luck favors the prepared mind Gurdon told the Nobel Prize Organization. “Ninety percent of the time things don’t work，but when they do，you have to seize(抓�。﹖he chance.”

【1】Who won the 2012 Nobel Prize in Medicine?

A. Sir John Gurdon

B. Shiny a Yamanaka.

C. Sir John Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka

D. Gurdon’s science teacher.

【2】In what order are the followings mentioned in the passage?

a. create the sheep Dolly

b. take a cell from an adult frog

d. use a person’s skin to create stem cells

d. move a frog’s genetic information into an egg cell

e. grow into a clone of a frog

A. b—a—c—d—e B. b—d—e—a—c

C. b—d—a—p—e D. b—c—d—a—c

【3】What does the underlined word “ridiculous” mean?

A.無知的 B.無畏的 C.荒廢的 D.荒謬的

【4】According to the passage, which statement is true?

A. As a boy, he was told he was hopeful.

B. He ranked first at his high school in biology.

C. It’s impossible for the doctors to repair a patient’s heart after a heart attack.

D. In spite of-his teacher's criticisms, he kept working hard.

【5】What’s the main idea of the passage?

A. Ninety percent of the time things don’t work.

B. Luck favors the prepared mind

C. Life is full of surprises.

D. How to know cells actually work.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】B

【3】D

【4】D

【5】B

【解析】

【1】C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章第一段最后一句話Now, aged 79，the very same Gurdon shared the 2012 Nobel Prize in Medicine with Japanese stem cell researcher Shinya Yamanaka.“79歲的Gurdon和日本干細(xì)胞研究者Shinya Yamanaka共同獲得2012年諾貝爾醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。”故選C。

【2】B推理判斷題。根據(jù)文中描述所給選項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)的順序是按照B的順序排列的，故選B。

【3】D詞義猜測題。第三段介紹Gurdon的老師對他的質(zhì)疑和批評，認(rèn)為他不可能成才。Gurdon’s high school science teacher even said that his dream of becoming a scientist was “quite ridiculous”.譯為“Gerdon的高中科學(xué)老師甚至說他成為一名科學(xué)家的夢想很荒謬。”故選D。

【4】D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段第二行As a boy, he was told he was hopeless at science and finished bottom of his class.可知A錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第三頓第一句話When he was 15 in 1948，Gurdon ranked last out of the 250 boys at his high school in biology and every other science subject.可知B錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第七段最后一句話doctors can repair a patient’s heart after a heart attack.可知C錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第四段第一句話In spite of his teacher’s criticisms, Gurdon followed his curiosity and kept working hard.可知D正確。故選D。

【5】B主旨大意題。文章主要介紹一位諾貝爾醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)獲得者John Gurdon，他在小時(shí)候受盡質(zhì)疑，但是憑借著不放棄、勇往直前的精神最終獲得成功。故選B。