Papua New Guinea is the eastern part of the island of New Guinea. It has a population of just over eight million. The capital is Port Moresby. The country became independent from Australia in 1975. There are over 800 languages in Papua New Guinea. That's more languages than in any other country in the world.

Papua New Guinea is a land of mountains and rainforests. Most communities have little contact with each other or with the outside world. It's for this reason that so many different languages have developed.

The official (官方的) languages of Papua New Guinea are Tok Pisin, English and Hiri Motu. Although English is an official language, it is only spoken as a first language by a small percentage of the population.

Tok Pisin is spoken by most people. It is an English-based creole. The word “tok” comes from the English word for “talk” and means “word” or “speech”.

“Pisin” means “pidgin”. A pidgin language is one which is a mixture of two other languages, while a creole is a pidgin language that has become the mother language of a community. Tok Pisin started as a pidgin language and became a creole language.

Although the majority (大多數(shù)) of Tok Pisin vocabulary (詞匯) comes from English, it also includes words from German, Portuguese, Latin and a number of other languages.

Tok Pisin is sometimes used in the first three years of primary school in Papua New Guinea, while English is used in secondary education.

1.How long is the history of Papua New Guinea as an independent country?

A.Over 40 years. B.About 100 years. C.About 200 years. D.Over 800 years.

2.What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us?

A.Communities in Papua New Guinea. B.The natural beauty of Papua New Guinea.

C.How Papua New Guinea became independent. D.Why Papua New Guinea has so many languages.

3.What's the relationship between creole (a) and pidgin (b)?

A. B. C. D.

4.Tok Pisin words mainly come from _______.

A.Latin B.English C.German D.Portuguese

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