Not long ago, people thought babies were not able to learn things until they were five or six months old. Yet doctors in the United States say babies begin learning on their first day of life.
Scientists note that babies are strongly influenced by their environment. They say a baby will smile if her mother does something the baby likes. A baby learns to get the best care possible by smiling to please her mother or other caregivers. This is how babies learn to connect and communicate with other human beings.
One study shows that babies can learn before they are born. The researchers placed a tape recorder on the stomach of a pregnant woman. Then, they played a recording of a short story. On the day the baby was born, the researchers attempted to find if he knew the sounds of the story repeated while in his mother. They did this by placing a device in the mouth of the newborn baby.
The baby would hear the story if he moved his mouth one way. If the baby moved his mouth the other way, he would hear a different story. The researchers say the baby clearly liked the story he heard before he was born. They say the baby would move his mouth so he could hear the story again and again.
Another study shows how mothers can strongly influence social development and language skills in their children.
Researchers studied the children from the age of one month to three years. The researchers attempted to measure the sensitivity of the mothers. The women were considered sensitive if they supported their children’s activities and did not interfere (干涉) unnecessarily. They tested the children for thinking and language development when they were three years old. Also, the researchers observed the women for signs of depression (消沉).
The children of depressed women did not do as well in tests as the children of women who did not suffer from depression. The children of depressed women did poorly in tests of language skills and understanding what they hear.
These children also were less cooperative and had more problems dealing with other people. The researchers noted that the sensitivity of the mothers was important to the intelligence development of their children. Children did better when their mothers were caring, even when they suffered from depression.
小題1: According to the passage, which of the following is NOT the factor that influences intelligence development in babies?
A．The environment.B．Mother’s sensitivity.
C．Education before birth.D．Their peers (同齡人)
小題2: What is the purpose of the experiment in which newborn babies heard the stories?
A．To prove that babies can learn on the first day they are born.
B．To prove that babies can learn before they are born.
C．To show mothers can strongly influence intelligence development in their babies.
D．To indicate early education has a deep effect on the babies’ language skills.
小題3: Which group of children did the worst in tests of language skills?
A．The children of women who did not suffer from depression.
B．The children of depressed but caring mothers.
C．The children of depressed mothers who cared little for their children.
D．The children with high communication abilities.
小題4: What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Scientific findings about how intelligence develops in babies.
B．Scientific findings about how the environment has an effect on babies’ intelligence.
C．A study shows babies are not able to learn things until they are five or six months old.
D．Scientific findings about how babies develop before birth.

小題1:A
小題2:B
小題3:C
小題4:A

試題分析：這篇文章主要敘述了人們誤認為剛出生的嬰兒是不能夠?qū)W到東西的，認為到五個月或六個月才會學(xué)習(xí)。美國的醫(yī)生發(fā)現(xiàn)，嬰兒開始學(xué)習(xí)在生命的第一天，研究人員指出，母親的敏感性是孩子的智力發(fā)展的重要因素。
小題1:細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段，Scientists note that babies are strongly influenced by their environment.。可知嬰兒的成長是受環(huán)境的影響的。可知選A。
小題2:細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)問題實驗中，嬰兒聽到這個故事的目的是什么？由文中第四段The baby would hear the story if he moved his mouth one way. If the baby moved his mouth the other way, he would hear a different story. The researchers say the baby clearly liked the story he heard before he was born.可知選B。
小題3:細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中The children of depressed women did poorly in tests of language skills and understanding what they hear可知.抑郁癥的母親的孩子的語言是最差的。故選C。
小題4:主旨大意題。通讀全文可知這篇文章主要是講科學(xué)家如何開發(fā)嬰兒的智力。故選A。
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