【題目】閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。將答案填寫在答題卷的相應(yīng)位置。

Miss White comes into the classroom. She sees some school things on the 1(teacher) desk. There is a pencil box, a red pencil, two black 2(pen) and 3 orange notebook. Whose are they?

Miss White asks Tina, “Tina, is this 4(you) pencil box? ” Tina says, “Yes, it is. Thank you.”“Are 5(this) your pens?” asks Miss White. “No, they 6. They’re 7(Mary),” says Tina.

Miss White goes to Mary and says, “Are they your pens, Mary?” Mary says, “Yes, they are. Thank you. ” “What 8 the red pencil? Is it 9(you), too? ” Miss White asks. “No, it isn’t,” says Mary, “please ask Bob and Mike. I think those are 10(they) pencil and notebook.”

【答案】

1teacher’s

2pens

3an

4your

5these

6aren’t

7Mary’s

8about

9yours

10their

【解析】

懷特老師所看見(jiàn)的老師桌子上的學(xué)習(xí)用品。介紹了這些學(xué)習(xí)用品的主人。

1句意她在老師的桌子上看到一些學(xué)習(xí)用品desk是名詞,前面的teacher也是名詞,修飾名詞desk,teacher應(yīng)該用名詞所有格形式。故填:teacher’s。

2句意有一個(gè)鉛筆盒,一支紅鉛筆,兩支黑鋼筆。還有一個(gè)橙色筆記本。two后面的名詞用復(fù)數(shù),故填:pens。

3句意還有一個(gè)橙色筆記本。notebook 是單數(shù),說(shuō)明前面的冠詞用不定冠詞a/an,orange的第一個(gè)因素是原因,故用不定冠詞an。

4句意蒂娜,這是你的鉛筆盒嗎?pencil box是名詞,前面用形容詞性的物主代詞,故填:your。

5句意這些是你的鋼筆嗎?謂語(yǔ)Are是復(fù)數(shù),因此主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)。this的復(fù)數(shù)為these。因此答案為:these。

6句意不,他們不是。這是一般疑問(wèn)句的答語(yǔ),否定回答用No,主語(yǔ)為 they,因此謂語(yǔ)用aren’t。

7句意:他們是瑪麗的。Mary是名詞,因此用名詞所有格。故填:Mary’s

8句意這支紅色的鉛筆呢?What about……?……怎么樣? 屬于固定句型。故填:about。

9句意它也是你的嗎?該題的位置時(shí)賓語(yǔ)的位置。因此用you的名詞性物主代詞。故填:yours。

10句意我想那些是他們的鉛筆和筆記本。pencil and notebook是名詞,因此前面用形容詞性的物主代詞。故填:their。

本題是已給單詞的語(yǔ)法填空。此類題主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)單詞形式變化的掌握程度。單詞形式變化主要有兩種,一是詞的形、數(shù)、式的變化,一是詞的派生變化。在判斷出詞的變化之后還應(yīng)該進(jìn)一步審題,看是否需要使用復(fù)合的變化形式,這一點(diǎn)是很重要的。

技巧一:名詞形式變化。

名詞的形式變化主要有單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)、所有格的變化。

技巧二:動(dòng)詞形式變化。

動(dòng)詞的形式變化比較多,有謂語(yǔ)的變化(時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)),有非謂語(yǔ)的變化(不定式、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞)。

技巧三:代詞形式變化。

代詞形式變化通常是與人稱變化有關(guān)的三大類五小類,即人稱代詞(主格和賓格)、物主代詞(形容詞性和名詞性)、反身代詞。另外還有幾個(gè)不定代詞的形式變化,如no one/none、other/another等。

技巧四:形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)變化。

英語(yǔ)中大部分形容詞和表方式的副詞都有原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的變化。構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的方式,或通過(guò)加后綴—er和—est,或在詞前+more/lessmost/least,且形容詞的最高級(jí)還要加the。

技巧五:數(shù)詞形式變化。

數(shù)詞的形式變化包括基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞,或加后綴—teen、—ty的變化,甚至還有作分母用的序數(shù)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式,以及one/two的特殊變化形式 once/twice。

技巧六:詞的派生。

詞的派生現(xiàn)象在英語(yǔ)單詞中是很常見(jiàn)的,派生現(xiàn)象主要發(fā)生在名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞四種詞中。這種題型還有可能檢測(cè)學(xué)生對(duì)詞根、前后綴、派生詞的掌握。

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