4.What's in a Name?
     Many American names come from England.But where did most English names come from?
     Centuries ago,most people in England had only one name--their first name.In the 11th century,five 
or six of the 50 people in a village might be named William,and it was easy to get confused.But in the Middle Ages,people found a way to describe each person exactly.If there were four Williams in one village,one might be referred to as William the son of John.A second might be called William from the hill.A third,William the blacksmith(鐵匠).And a fourth,William the brown haired.In conversation,people might refer to the four Williams as William John's son,William hill,William smith,and William brown.
     It was 300 or 400 years before the extra ( 附加的) names gradually developed into last names,or
surnames.They were passed on from generation to generation.By the 1300s,Robert,the son of William
smith,had the name Robert smith,even if he was not a blacksmith like his father.As the last name became widely accepted,the first letter was capitalized,as in Robert Smith.By the 15th century,most people of the upper and middle classes had surnames.
     Many surnames were based on father-son relations.The"son of"part was added to the father's first
name,like Johnson,meaning John's son.Sometimes it was shortened to just"s",as in Jones or Evans.
Surnames like Hill described the place where a person lived.They are the most common type of surname.A third kind of surname was based on a person's job.Forester was someone who looked after the forest.
In the Middle Ages,occupation names such as Baker,Carpenter,and Miller became common.The fourth kind of surname was nickname(綽號(hào)).A man whose surname was Bear might be as fierce as a bear.
    Have you ever wondered why some surnames are so common?The most common surname in the
English language is Smith.Being able to make metals(金屬)into tools was an important skill in the Middle Ages,and many people were trained as blacksmiths.The most common American surnames are Smith,Johnson,William and Brown.
61.Where do many American names come from?
62.When did people find a way to describe each person exactly?
63.How long did it take for extra names to develop into last names?
64.What is the fourth paragraph mainly about?
65.Why were many people trained blacksmith in the Middle Ages?

分析 短文主要介紹了美國(guó)人的名字以及英國(guó)人的名字尤其是姓的來(lái)源,以及名字背后的意義等.

解答 答案:61.England.細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第二段句子Many American names come from England.許多美國(guó)人的名字來(lái)自英國(guó).可知來(lái)自英國(guó).故答案為England.
62.In the middle ages.細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第三段第二行句子But in the Middle Ages,people found a way to describe each person exactly.但在中世紀(jì),人們找到了一種方法來(lái)描述每個(gè)人.可知是中世紀(jì).故答案為In the middle ages.
63.300 or 400 years.細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第四段句子It was 300or 400years before the extra ( 附加的) names gradually developed into last names,or surnames.過(guò)了300或者400年,這些名字逐漸發(fā)展成姓,或者姓氏.可知是過(guò)了300或者400年,故答案為300 or 400 years.
64.Many surnames were based on father-son relation.細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容及其Many surnames were based on father-son relations.The"son of"part was added to the father's first name,like Johnson,meaning John's son.許多姓氏是以父子關(guān)系為基礎(chǔ)的,"部分的兒子名字"被添加到父親的第一個(gè)名字,像約翰遜,意思是約翰的兒子.可知主要講的是許多姓氏都是基于父子關(guān)系的.故答案為Many surnames were based on father-son relation.
65.Because being able to make metals into tools was an important still in the Middle Ages.細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)最后一段句子The most common surname in the English language is Smith.Being able to make metals(金屬)into tools was an important skill in the Middle Ages,and many people were trained as blacksmiths.可知因?yàn)樵谥惺兰o(jì)能夠使金屬工具是重要的.故答案為Because being able to make meyals into tools was an important still in the Middle Ages.

點(diǎn)評(píng) 主要是根據(jù)前提問(wèn)題來(lái)做出相應(yīng)的要求內(nèi)的答案,題型比較靈活但是考查了學(xué)生多方面的知識(shí)和技能,要做好這類題,就要注意平時(shí)知識(shí)的積累,包括單詞、詞組、句型等.

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