Question

【題目】

Psychologists(心理學(xué)家) are interested in the reasons why some people like taking part in risky sports.

When they studied people who were learning to jump from a plane with a parachute, they found that the parachutists’ bodies produced large amounts of two hormones(激素), adrenaline(腎上腺素) and noradrenaline(去甲腎上腺素), just before they made their jump. These hormones help to prepare us for any sudden activity. Adrenaline increases the heart beat and provides more sugar for the muscles(肌肉), while noradrenaline makes us react(反應(yīng)) more quickly. However, noradrenaline also supplies energy to a part of the brain which controls feelings of pleasure. A feeling of pleasure caused by this hormone makes certain people want to take part in dangerous sports.

Another possible reason is the level of excitement in part of the brain. According to some psychologists, the brain tries to manage a certain level of excitement. They believe that people who have a low level of excitement look for new experiences in order to fire themselves with excitement, but people who usually have a high level of excitement try to avoid risks in order not to become overexcited. If the psychologists are right, people with a low excitement level are the ones who enjoy taking part in dangerous sports and activities.

It is thought that people with low levels of excitement have a slower-reacting nervous system than people with higher levels. So it may be possible to find out your level of excitement by testing your nervous system. A quick way of doing this is to put some lemon juice on your tongue(舌頭). If you produce a lot of saliva(唾液), your nervous system has been affected(影響) by the lemon and so you probably have a high level of excitement; if you produce little saliva, you probably have a low excitement level. If you have a low level, you might enjoy taking part in risky sports. However, this does not mean that you have to try parachuting!

【1】Did the parachutists’ bodies produce large amounts of adrenaline and noradrenaline before they made their jump?

_________________________

【2】What does adrenaline increase and provide?

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【3】Why do people with a high level of excitement try to avoid risks?

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【4】How can people find out their level of excitement?

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【5】Who may enjoy taking part in risky activities?

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Answer 1

【答案】

【1】Yes.

【2】Adrenaline increases the heart beat and provides more sugar for the muscles.

【3】In order not to become overexcited.

【4】By testing their nervous system.

【5】People with a low excitement level. / People who produce more noradrenaline. / People who produce little saliva when putting lemon juice on their tongues.

【解析】

本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，從科學(xué)的角度解釋了為什么有些人喜歡參加冒險(xiǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)。

【1】題意：跳傘者的身體在跳傘前是否會(huì)產(chǎn)生大量腎上腺素和去甲腎上腺素？

根據(jù)原文When they studied people who were learning to jump from a plane with a parachute, they found that the parachutists’ bodies produced large amounts of two hormones(激素), adrenaline(腎上腺素) and noradrenaline(去甲腎上腺素), just before they made their jump可知，跳傘者的身體在跳傘前會(huì)產(chǎn)生大量腎上腺素和去甲腎上腺素。故答案為Yes.

【2】題意：腎上腺素會(huì)增加和提供什么？

根據(jù)原文Adrenaline increases the heart beat and provides more sugar for the muscles可知，腎上腺素會(huì)增加心跳，并為肌肉提供更多的糖。故答案為Adrenaline increases the heart beat and provides more sugar for the muscles.

【3】題意：為什么興奮程度高的人會(huì)試圖避免冒險(xiǎn)？

根據(jù)原文people who usually have a high level of excitement try to avoid risks in order not to become overexcited可知，興奮程度高的人會(huì)盡量避免冒險(xiǎn)，以避免變得過(guò)于興奮。故答案為In order not to become overexcited.

【4】題意：人們?nèi)绾尾拍芰私庾约旱呐d奮程度？

根據(jù)原文So it may be possible to find out your level of excitement by testing your nervous system可知，可以通過(guò)測(cè)試神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)來(lái)了解一個(gè)人的興奮程度。故答案為By testing their nervous system.

【5】題意：誰(shuí)可能喜歡參加冒險(xiǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)？

根據(jù)原文noradrenaline also supplies energy to a part of the brain which controls feelings of pleasure. A feeling of pleasure caused by this hormone makes certain people want to take part in dangerous sports可知，去甲腎上腺素也會(huì)為大腦控制愉悅感的部分提供能量，這種激素引起的快感使某些人想?yún)⒓游ｋU(xiǎn)的運(yùn)動(dòng)。根據(jù)原文people with a low excitement level are the ones who enjoy taking part in dangerous sports and activities可知，大腦興奮程度低的人通常就是那些喜歡參加危險(xiǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)和活動(dòng)的人。根據(jù)原文If you produce a lot of saliva(唾液), your nervous system has been affected(影響) by the lemon and so you probably have a high level of excitement; if you produce little saliva, you probably have a low excitement level可知，如果在檸檬的刺激下分泌的唾液很少，說(shuō)明一個(gè)人大腦興奮程度低，而大腦興奮程度低的人通常就是那些喜歡參加危險(xiǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)和活動(dòng)的人�？偨Y(jié)一下可得下列三類人可能喜歡參加冒險(xiǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)：①產(chǎn)生更多去甲腎上腺素的人；②大腦興奮程度低的人；③當(dāng)把檸檬汁放在舌頭上時(shí)很少分泌唾液的人。故答案為People with a low excitement level. / People who produce more noradrenaline. / People who produce little saliva when putting lemon juice on their tongues.