Question

5．Much less than one percent of the earth's water can be used by humans．Areas that need a lot of water often have to bring it in from far away．For example，southern and central California get most of their water from northern California．The Middle East and Mexico are among the places where large areas are short of water．Much of the shortage （短缺） in such places is caused by poor use of water，such as pollution and waste．
    Most places have enough water for drinking，farming and industries．However，as cities grow larger and industries expand，more and more water is needed．This may mean that more sources （來(lái)源） of water need to be found．But by saving water，existing （現(xiàn)有的） water can be used longer．This allows towns，cities and industries to grow without the need to find more water sources．
    What are some ways that ordinary people can save water？
A survey shows that washing clothes，taking showers and using toilets make up about 80 percent of a family's water usage．So using showerheads，toilets，and taps that use less water can help save a lot of water in the home．
53．One of the possible reasons why Middle East and Mexico are short of water is thatB．
   A．many industries in these places use a lot of water
   B．they pollute and waste existing water
   C．they have few lakes and rivers
   D．they don't have enough money to buy water
54．What's the meaning of the underlined word"expand"？A
   A．發(fā)展       B．使用       C．浪費(fèi)       D．匱乏
55．According to the survey，which probably use the least water in families？C
   A．Taking showers．B．Using toilets．
   C．Washing dishes．D．Washing clothes．
56．Which of the following can we learn from the passage？A
   A．By saving water，we may not need to find more water sources．
   B．People in southern and central California are rich．
   C．Northern California will not have enough water in the future．
   D．Washing clothes and washing dishes make up 40% of a family's water usage．

Answer 1

分析 地球水資源的不到百分之一可以被人類利用．需要大量水的地方，往往不得不從遠(yuǎn)處帶進(jìn)去．例如，加利福尼亞南部和中部的大部分水來(lái)自北加利福尼亞．中東和墨西哥有大面積缺少水的地方，這些地方的大部分水短缺是由于水的使用不當(dāng)造成的，比如水污染和水浪費(fèi)．
大多數(shù)地方有足夠的飲用水，農(nóng)業(yè)和工業(yè)（用水）．盡管如此，隨著城市規(guī)模的擴(kuò)大和工業(yè)發(fā)展，需要越來(lái)越多的水．這可能意味著需要找到更多的水資源．但是，通過(guò)節(jié)約水，現(xiàn)有的水能用更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，這讓城鎮(zhèn)、城市和工業(yè)發(fā)展，無(wú)需尋找新的水源．
一般人能節(jié)約用水的方法是什么？
一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示，洗衣機(jī)、淋浴、使用坐便器占家庭用水的80%，因此在家里使用節(jié)約水的淋浴噴頭、坐便器、龍頭能幫助節(jié)約大量的水．

解答 53答案：B；細(xì)節(jié)理解題；根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容Much of the shortage （短缺） in such places is caused by poor use of water，such as pollution and waste．可知中東和墨西哥缺水的理由之一可能是水資源污染和浪費(fèi)；故選B．
54答案：A；詞義猜測(cè)題；根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容more and more water is needed．推測(cè)該句句意應(yīng)為："工業(yè)發(fā)展"（水資源需求量大）；推測(cè)expand的意思是：擴(kuò)張、發(fā)展；故選A．
55故選：C．細(xì)節(jié)理解題；根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容A survey shows that washing clothes，taking showers and using toilets make up about 80 percent of a family's water usage．可知上述四種家庭用水中，ABD是用水量較大的，"Washing dishes，洗盤子"是用水量較小的；故選C．
56答案：A；推理判斷題；根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容But by saving water，existing （現(xiàn)有的） water can be used longer．This allows towns，cities and industries to grow without the need to find more water sources．可知通過(guò)節(jié)約水，就可以允許城鎮(zhèn)、城市和工業(yè)的發(fā)展，無(wú)需尋找新的水源；說(shuō)明"通過(guò)節(jié)約水，我們可能不需要找到更多的水源"；故選A．

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