One of the most famous scientists to study adaptations(適應能力) was Charles Darwin(達爾文). He was born in England in 1809. He wasn’t the best student in his school, but when he was 16, his father sent him to a medical school. Charles liked spending time outdoors observing(觀察) nature more than having medical classes. He dropped out without graduating.
Next, Charles’ father sent him to school to become a minister(牧師). This time he made it to graduation, but he didn’t want to do the work of a minister. His friends encouraged him to follow his interest in science.
Luckily, Charles was invited to sail on the Beagle as an unpaid scientist after graduation. The Beagle was to travel to South America and then around the world. Their task was to make maps of the places they visited.
On December 27th, 1831. Charles Darwin sailed from England on the Beagle. The trip was planned to last two years. In fact, it lasted five. During this time, he saw many amazing things. He collected lots of plants and animals and took them back to England to begin his scientific study.
Twenty-three years later, Darwin published a scientific paper with another man named Wallace. Darwin described how some animals have adaptations that help them survive. They are passed on to offspring(后代). Darwin’s ideas about adaptations are still very important to the study of living things.
【小題1】Darwin was very interested in ____________.
| A．having medical classes | B．the work of a minister |
| C．sailing around the world | D．science and nature |
| A．five | B．four |
| C．three | D．two |
| A．twenty | B．twenty-three |
| C．forty-five | D．fifty |
| A．a(chǎn)daptations | B．Darwin and Wallace |
| C．a(chǎn)nimals | D．Darwin’s ideas |
【小題1】D
【小題2】A
【小題3】D
【小題4】A
解析試題分析：這篇文章講述了達爾文的生命歷程，以及他對科學和自然的熱愛使他在50歲的時候，完成了生物適者生存的論文。
【小題1】細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章Charles liked spending time outdoors observing(觀察) nature more than having medical classes.可知，達爾文對科學和自然感興趣。故選D
【小題2】細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章In fact, it lasted five.可知，《比格爾》的航行了五年。故選A
【小題3】細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章可知，1831年他開始隨船航行，在航行了5年之后，他花費為了23年的時間也就是1859年完成了一篇科學論文，可知，那時候他已經(jīng)50歲了。故選D
【小題4】細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章Darwin described how some animals have adaptations that help them survive. They are passed on to offspring(后代).可知，達爾文描述了一些動物是如何適應環(huán)境，幫助它們生存下來，那種適應能力傳遞了后代。所以，they指代的是適應能力。故選A
考點：人物傳記類說明文
點評：本文的思路清晰，結(jié)構(gòu)明確。首先對文章的大致意思進行了解。初三英語閱讀多為細節(jié)題，考察學生的信息捕捉能力。對于細節(jié)題，學生在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上要對題目中關(guān)鍵字在文章中迅速定位，找到相對應的出處，答題比較備選答案的區(qū)別及和文章信息最相關(guān)的是哪個，即那個就為正確答案。
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完形填空
You may not know how his magic tricks work . But that’s why they are so much fun ! American magician(魔術(shù)師) David Copperfield is coming back to China. He’s going to show everyone, young and old, ___1______ cool, new magic tricks.
Copperfield is one of the world’s most famous ___2______. Copperfield’s shows begin in Beijing on April 20. He will also give shows in Changsha , Hangzhou , Nanjing and Shanghai __3________ April and May . There will be 38___4______ in all .
Copperfield began studying magic when he was a child . At the ___5______ of 12 , he was the youngest person to be in the Society of American Magicians (全美魔術(shù)家協(xié)會).
And now , he is famous all over the world . In 1983, he made the Statue of Liberty in New York go away ___6______ a few minutes . In 1986, he walked through the Great Wall in Beijing!
His shows are not just magic. He also dances ____7_____does lots of interesting things to make his fans happy . He even asks his fans to help ____8_____ do trick!
One of Copperfield’s body greatest tricks is flying . At his shows in China, he is going to make some fans fly around! How does he make people fly? No one knows .That’s his secret.
In ___9______ trick, an electric saw(電鋸) will cut Copperfield’s body in halt._____10_______ after the trick, he’s OK. Copperfield will also teach magic tricks to some disable(殘疾) children in Chinese hospitals.
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Saving water is an important part of going green. As water becomes less and polluted more, conservation (保護) becomes more and more important. The less water you use, the less wastewater will end up in our rivers and lakes. Wasting water means that more water needs to be treated and cleaned, a process that requires quite a lot of energy.
As it is said above, cutting down on water usage is one of the most important things you can do for your local environment and the planet as a whole. That is why more green households are going blue: cutting down their water footprint by conserving and harvesting (收獲) water.
It may seem like a big concept, but going blue starts with small changes that everyone can make. Something as simple as turning off the tap while you brush your teeth can save a lot of water. Wash your fruits and vegetables in a bowl rather than under a tap to save even more. Make sure that the taps are fully turned off every time you step away from the sink or the shower — all those little drips can add up to a lot of water waste.
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【小題1】The underlined word “green” means ______ in this passage.
| A．嫉妒 | B．環(huán)保 | C．未成熟的 | D．健康的 |
| A．Treating wastewater needs much energy. |
| B．The water on the earth is becoming less and less. |
| C．The water on the earth is becoming polluted more. |
| D．Rainwater harvesting can meet a lot of your home’s water needs. |
| A．washing fruit and vegetables under a tap |
| B．using a bowl to wash your fruit and vegetables |
| C．making sure taps are fully turned off all the time |
| D．turning off the tap every time after brushing your teeth |
| A．Save Water by Turning off the Tap |
| B．How to Treat and Clean Wastewater |
| C．Keep Your Garden Green with Rainwater |
| D．Save Water Starting with Small Changes |
| A．we can get enough water by harvesting |
| B．most people pay no attention to saving water |
| C．we can practice rainwater harvesting in a small way |
| D．harvesting water is more necessary than conserving it |
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I wonder whether there is any girl or boy who does not like to see a rainbow in the sky. It is so beautiful.
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Every rainbow has many colours in the same order. The first or the top colour is always red, and the next comes orange, then yellow, and last of all, blue. A rainbow is indeed one of the wonders of nature.
【小題1】Children like rainbows because .
| A．they are beautiful |
| B．they are like bows |
| C．they can find a pot of gold at the end of a rainbow |
| D．they are good to crops |
| A．a(chǎn) pot of gold | B．a(chǎn) flower | C．a(chǎn) rainbow | D．a(chǎn) raindrop |
| A．when it is raining heavily |
| B．when it is snowing |
| C．when it is cloudy |
| D．when it is becomes fine shortly after raining |
| A．A rainbow is like bow. |
| B．A rainbow is the effect of light shining on raindrops. |
| C．Every rainbow has different colours in different orders. |
| D．A rainbow is one of the wonders of nature. |
| A．yellow | B．red | C．green | D．blue |
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Life in the twenty-first century will be very different from life today. Between then and now many changes will take place, but what will the changes be?
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There will be changes in our food, too. Maybe no one will eat meat every day, instead they eat more fruit and vegetables. Maybe people will be healthier.
Work in the future will be different, too. Dangerous and hard work can be done by robots. Because of this, many people will not have enough work to do. This will be a problem.
【小題1】There will be _________ in the future.
| A．small population | B．few changes | C．more people | D．few people |
| A．much bigger and few people will use it |
| B．much smaller and more useful |
| C．smaller and not many people will use it |
| D．bigger and a lot of people will use it |
| A．will go to other countries for holidays |
| B．will study at school |
| C．will go earlier |
| D．will work for many hours |
| A．meat and vegetables; fruit |
| B．meat; fruit and vegetables |
| C．fruit and meat; vegetables |
| D．fruit and vegetables; meat |
| A．do the dangerous work |
| B．do all the work |
| C．do only housework |
| D．do the easy work for people |
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根據(jù)句意和漢語注釋，寫出單詞的正確形式。
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【小題3】This is one of the __________(強盜) names.
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【小題5】Englishmen always use knives and _______ (叉子) when they have dinner.
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