分析:(1)根據方差的定義的公式展開,進行整理得出命題的正確性;
(2)結合方差s
2=
[x
2+(y-1)
2+(x-y)
2]-(
)
2=
-(-
)
2,當且僅當-x=y-1=x-y=
=-
時,求出即可.
解答:解:(1)∵
s2=[(x1-)2+(x2-)2+…+(xn-)2],
=
[x
12+
() 2-2x
1+x
22+
() 2-2
x2+…+x
n2+
() 2-2x
n],
=
(x
12+x
22+…+x
n2)+
(
() 2+
() 2+…+
() 2)+
(-2x
1-2
x2-…-2x
n],
=
(x
12+x
22+…+x
n2)+
() 2+
(-2x
1-2
x2-…-2x
n],
=
(x
12+x
22+…+x
n2)+
() 2-2
(x
1+x
2+…+x
n],
=
(x
12+x
22+…+x
n2)-
() 2,
∴
s2=(++…+)- 2;
當x
1=x
2=…=x
n=
時,
s
2=
() 2-
() 2=0,
∴此時方差s
2取最小值0;
(2)設數據-x,(y-1),x-y的平均數為:
=
[(-x)+(y-1)+(x-y)],
=-
,
方差s
2=
[x
2+(y-1)
2+(x-y)
2]-(
)
2=
-(-
)
2,
當且僅當-x=y-1=x-y=
=-
時,
s
2=0,
此時x=
,y=
.
點評:此題主要考查了方差公式的證明以及綜合應用,正確的將公式變形是解決問題的關鍵.