一定質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)的氯化鉀溶液50g恰好與溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為17.0%的硝酸銀(AgNO3)溶液100g完全反應(yīng).求:
(1)生成氯化銀(AgCl)沉淀的質(zhì)量.
(2)反應(yīng)前氯化鉀(KCl)溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù).
(3)反應(yīng)后所得溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù).
解:硝酸銀和氯化鉀恰好完全反應(yīng),可以根據(jù)硝酸銀的質(zhì)量求算,硝酸銀的質(zhì)量為:100g×17.0%=17.0g
設(shè)生成AgCl沉淀的質(zhì)量為x,參加反應(yīng)的KCl的質(zhì)量為y,生成KNO
3的質(zhì)量為z.
74.5 170 143.5 101
y 17.0g x z
解得:x=14.35g y=7.45g z=10.1g
(2)反應(yīng)前KCl溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為:
×100%=14.9%;
(3)反應(yīng)后所得KNO
3溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為:
×100%=7.45%;
答:(1)生成氯化銀沉淀的質(zhì)量為14.5g;
(2)反應(yīng)前氯化鉀(KCl)溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)14.9%;
(3)反應(yīng)后所得溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)7.45%.
故答案為:(1)14.35g;
(2)14.9%;
(3)7.45%.
分析:根據(jù)題意可以知道氯化鉀和硝酸銀恰好完全反應(yīng),生成了氯化銀和硝酸鉀,計算時可以根據(jù)硝酸銀的質(zhì)量進(jìn)行求算,注意反應(yīng)生成的溶液中的溶質(zhì)為硝酸鉀,同時要注意求算反應(yīng)后溶液的質(zhì)量.
點評:這類題的關(guān)鍵就是求算出反應(yīng)后所得溶液的質(zhì)量,本題中溶液質(zhì)量的求法為:反應(yīng)后所得溶液的質(zhì)量=樣品質(zhì)量+所加硝酸銀溶液的質(zhì)量-反應(yīng)生成沉淀的質(zhì)量.