現(xiàn)有4.5g不純的鐵粉跟75g16%的硫酸銅溶液,恰好完全反應(yīng)(雜質(zhì)不參加反應(yīng)且能溶)求:
(1)鐵粉中雜質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)?______
(2)反應(yīng)后溶液的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)?______.
【答案】
分析:鐵與硫酸銅反應(yīng)生成銅和硫酸亞鐵,根據(jù)反應(yīng)化學(xué)方程式中物質(zhì)間的質(zhì)量關(guān)系,由恰好完全反應(yīng)時(shí)消耗硫酸銅的質(zhì)量,可計(jì)算不純鐵粉中所含鐵的質(zhì)量及反應(yīng)生成硫酸亞鐵和銅的質(zhì)量,再利用質(zhì)量守恒定律求得反應(yīng)后所得溶液的質(zhì)量,即可完成計(jì)算.
解答:解:設(shè)鐵粉中所含量鐵的質(zhì)量為x,反應(yīng)生成硫酸亞鐵的質(zhì)量為y,生成銅的質(zhì)量為z
Fe+CuSO
4═Cu+FeSO
456 160 64 152
x 75g×16% z y
=
=
=
x=4.2g,y=11.4g,z=4.8g
(1)鐵粉中雜質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)=
×100%=6.7%
(2)反應(yīng)后溶液的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)=
×100%=15.3%
故答案為:
(1)6.7%;
(2)15.3%.
點(diǎn)評(píng):根據(jù)化學(xué)方程式可以表示反應(yīng)中各物質(zhì)的質(zhì)量比,由反應(yīng)中一種物質(zhì)的質(zhì)量可計(jì)算反應(yīng)中其它物質(zhì)的質(zhì)量.