【題目】某興趣小組利用家中的材料研究影響物質(zhì)溶解性的因素,實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟設(shè)計(jì)如下:

.稱取六份冰糖和一份食鹽,每10g為一份,并將其中五份冰糖研磨成粉末.

.按照下表進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)(實(shí)驗(yàn)所需儀器略)

第一組

第二組

第三組

第四組

實(shí)驗(yàn)溫度

20

20

20

20

20

20

80

固體種類

冰糖

冰糖

冰糖粉末

冰糖塊狀

冰糖

食鹽

冰糖

固體質(zhì)量

10g

10g

10g

10g

10g

10g

10g

溶劑種類

植物油

溶劑質(zhì)量

50g

50g

10g

10g

10g

10g

10g

請(qǐng)你對(duì)他們的實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行分析:

(1)根據(jù)上述設(shè)計(jì),你認(rèn)為他們準(zhǔn)備研究的影響因素是________________________________,其中不影響物質(zhì)溶解性的因素是________________________________________.

(2)根據(jù)第四組實(shí)驗(yàn)與前三組實(shí)驗(yàn)的比較,你可以得到的結(jié)論是________________________.

(3)你認(rèn)為第四組實(shí)驗(yàn)的設(shè)計(jì)是否會(huì)影響實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)論的得出,請(qǐng)簡(jiǎn)述理由:________________________________________________________________.

【答案】(1)固體種類、溶質(zhì)顆粒的大小、溫度、溶劑種類、溶劑質(zhì)量 溶質(zhì)顆粒的大小、溶劑質(zhì)量

(2)溫度升高溶解速率加快

(3)不會(huì)影響,第四組可以與第二組或第三組中的冰糖溶解情況進(jìn)行比較

【解析】(1)通過對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)表格的分析,重點(diǎn)是觀察四組實(shí)驗(yàn)的條件發(fā)現(xiàn)探究的問題,主要有溫度的改變,物質(zhì)種類的改變,溶質(zhì)狀態(tài)的改變,溶劑質(zhì)量的改變等,由于物質(zhì)的溶解性是物質(zhì)本身的一種屬性,不受外界干擾,所以溶質(zhì)的狀態(tài)、溶劑的質(zhì)量對(duì)物質(zhì)溶解性無影響.

(2)物質(zhì)由塊狀改為粉末狀,會(huì)加快同一物質(zhì)的溶解速率,使實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)間變短.

(3)第四組實(shí)驗(yàn)相對(duì)于第二組和第三組,主要是溫度的改變,不會(huì)影響結(jié)論的得出.

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